Bioaccumulation of Metals in Various Tissues of Fish Species in Relation to Fish Size and Gender and Health Risk Assessment

• Published in: Current pollution reports Vol. 9; no. 3; pp. 327 - 337
• Main Authors: Varol, Memet, Kaçar, Emel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.09.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animal tissues; Aquaculture; Aquatic Pollution; Arsenic; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; average daily intake; Bioaccumulation; Capoeta; Capoeta tinca; carcinogenicity; Carcinogens; Chromium; Consumers; Consumption; Earth and Environmental Science; Environment; Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice; females; Fish; fish consumption; Gender; Gills; Habitat preferences; habitats; health effects assessments; Health risk assessment; Health risks; Industrial Pollution Prevention; Liver; males; Metabolism; Metals; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; Muscles; Nutrition assessment; Pollution; risk; Risk assessment; Species; Squalius; surface water; Topical Collection on Water and Sediment Pollution; Waste Water Technology; Water bodies; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; United States > US; Turkey; Fish tissue; Gender; Bioaccumulation; Metals; Fish size; Risk assessment
• ISSN: 2198-6592; 2198-6592
• DOI: 10.1007/s40726-023-00263-w

Purpose of Review This study was aimed at identifying the differences in the levels of 17 metals and elements (MEs) between fish species ( Capoeta tinca and Squalius pursakensis ) and fish tissues (muscle, gills, and liver), at identifying the effect of fish gender and fish size (length and weight) on bioaccumulation of MEs in tissues, at assessing both health risks and benefits of MEs in fish muscle, and at defining safe fish consumption quantities for consumers. Recent Findings The levels of most MEs in tissues did not differ significantly between both fish species. The gills had higher levels of most MEs than the liver and muscle. Only a few MEs in the tissues of both fish species demonstrated significant associations with fish length or weight. There were no significant differences between male and female fish in terms of the levels of most metals in tissues. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values of metals were below the reference doses. Target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) values were less than 1. Carcinogenic risk (CR) values were within or below the acceptable range. Also, maximum safe fish consumption quantities (MSCQs) were established for consumers. Summary Because both fish species were collected from the same water body and had the same habitat preferences, the levels of most MEs did not differ significantly in the tissues of both fish species. Because the gills and liver are metabolically active organs, they had higher levels of MEs than the muscle. The relationships between the levels of MEs in the tissues and fish size were both unclear and inconsistent. The results indicated that ME accumulation in tissues of individuals within the same species was not significantly influenced by gender. The THQ, HI, CR, and EDI values indicated that no adverse health consequences are expected for consumers. It was established that daily consumption of less than 50 g of C. tinca or 80 g of S. pursakensis would not be harmful to consumers’ health. Nutritional evaluation results indicated that both fish species are good sources of essential MEs. Therefore, consumption of the fish species would bring tremendous health benefits.