Sustainably sourced components to generate high-strength adhesives

• Published in: Nature (London) Vol. 621; no. 7978; pp. 306 - 311
• Main Authors: Westerman, Clayton R., McGill, Bradley C., Wilker, Jonathan J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 14.09.2023; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 140/131; 639/301/923; 639/638/298/923; Acids; Adhesion; Adhesive strength; Adhesives; Alcohol; Availability; Bond strength; Glycerol; Hair stylers; Humanities and Social Sciences; Industrial products; Landfill; Landfills; Lignin; Malic acid; multidisciplinary; Petroleum; Plywood; Polyamines; Polyvinyl chloride; Proteins; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Substrates; Sustainable materials; Tannic acid; Waste disposal sites
• ISSN: 0028-0836; 1476-4687; 1476-4687
• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06335-7

Nearly all adhesives 1 , 2 are derived from petroleum, create permanent bonds 3 , frustrate materials separation for recycling 4 , 5 and prevent degradation in landfills. When trying to shift from petroleum feedstocks to a sustainable materials ecosystem, available options suffer from low performance, high cost or lack of availability at the required scales. Here we present a sustainably sourced adhesive system, made from epoxidized soy oil, malic acid and tannic acid, with performance comparable to that of current industrial products. Joints can be cured under conditions ranging from use of a hair dryer for 5 min to an oven at 180 °C for 24 h. Adhesion between metal substrates up to around 18 MPa is achieved, and, in the best cases, performance exceeds that of a classic epoxy, the strongest modern adhesive. All components are biomass derived, low cost and already available in large quantities. Manufacturing at scale can be a simple matter of mixing and heating, suggesting that this new adhesive may contribute towards the sustainable bonding of materials. We present a sustainably sourced adhesive system, with performance comparable to that of current industrial products, made from epoxidized soy oil, malic acid and tannic acid, all biomass derived, low cost and readily available.