Anthocyanin content of Tulipa species and cultivars and its impact on tepal colours
Flowers of tulips (17 species and 25 cultivars) were subjected to qualitative and relative quantitative examination for anthocyanins. Altogether five anthocyanins were identified as the 3- O-(6″- O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-β-glucopyranoside) of delphinidin ( 1), cyanidin ( 2) and pelargonidin ( 3), and the...
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Published in | Biochemical systematics and ecology Vol. 33; no. 5; pp. 499 - 510 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Elsevier Ltd
01.05.2005
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Flowers of tulips (17 species and 25 cultivars) were subjected to qualitative and relative quantitative examination for anthocyanins. Altogether five anthocyanins were identified as the 3-
O-(6″-
O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-β-glucopyranoside) of delphinidin (
1), cyanidin (
2) and pelargonidin (
3), and the 3-
O-[6″-
O-(2‴-
O-acetyl-α-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-glucopyranoside] of cyanidin (
4) and pelargonidin (
5). The pigments
1–
5 represented 7%, 43%, 12%, 2% and 31%, respectively, of the total anthocyanin amount in the tepals of the
Tulipa species, and 20%, 37%, 30%, 6% and 4%, respectively, in the cultivar tepals. Nearly 50% of the samples contained acetylated anthocyanins. The colours of the freeze-dried tepals described by the CIELab coordinates, hue angle (
h
ab), saturation (
C*), and lightness (
L*) together with the anthocyanin content were subjected to multivariate analysis. All tepals classified with hue angles described as “blue nuances” were from cultivars. They contained
1 as the major anthocyanin, and no or just traces of pelargonidin derivatives. The species and cultivars having “magenta nuances” showed similar anthocyanin content with increased relative proportions of
2 at the expense of
1. Orange coloured tepals were to a large extent correlated with high relative proportions of the pelargonidin derivatives,
3 and
5. Acetylation of anthocyanins furnished a weak colour effect opposite to the bluing effect previously reported for anthocyanins with aromatic acyl groups. All six species belonging to the section
Eichleres (subgenus
Tulipa) were after principal component analysis grouped closely together. They were characterized by high concentrations of the pelargonidin derivatives
3 and
5, and orange petal nuances. However, within section
Tulipa (subgenus
Tulipa), considerable anthocyanin variation was observed. Species in the subgenus
Eriostemones were generally characterized by the two anthocyanins
1 and
2, and no pelargonidin derivatives. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 0305-1978 1873-2925 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.bse.2004.12.001 |