Adding the temporal dimension to spatial patterns of payment for ecosystem services enrollment

• Published in: Ecosystem services Vol. 36; p. 100906
• Main Authors: Núñez-Regueiro, Mauricio M., Fletcher, Robert J., Pienaar, Elizabeth F., Branch, Lyn C., Volante, José N., Rifai, Sami
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.04.2019
• ISSN: 2212-0416; 2212-0416
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2019.100906

•PES schemes are used to conserve natural ecosystems and improve human livelihoods.•Understanding temporal and spatial enrollment patterns in PES is key.•This can improve conservation of threatened ecosystems for long time periods.•We present a large-scale PES program that attracts high conversion threat lands.•But enrollment of these lands was shorter than lands with lower conversion threat.•Both temporal and spatial dimensions of PES enrollment are key for informing policy. Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) programs are increasingly emphasized to address challenges of conserving forests. However, concerns remain regarding the ability of PES programs to ensure long-term conservation of threatened lands. Evaluation of large-scale PES programs, including the spatial and temporal patterns of enrollment, is scarce, especially for programs that aim to protect forest from severe threats such as expansion of industrial agriculture. Using information on PES enrollment across 252,319 km2 in the Argentine Chaco, we examined both the duration for which lands are enrolled in PES and their suitability for agriculture. Specifically, we examined whether the PES program has resulted in adverse selection not only in space but also in time. We built spatially explicit generalized linear models using information on participants’ length of contract and the potential of their land for agricultural use. We found the PES program enrolled land in areas with high agricultural potential, but enrollment of these lands occurred for shorter time periods than lands with lower levels of threat from deforestation. Consequently, adverse selection occurred over time but not in space. Our work demonstrates the importance of evaluating both temporal and spatial dimensions of adverse selection in PES for informing policy.