Preparation of multilayer strontium-doped TiO2/CDs with enhanced photocatalytic efficiency for enrofloxacin removal

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 30; no. 26; pp. 68403 - 68416
• Main Authors: Guo, Huahua, Cui, Juan, Chai, Xu, Shi, Yilin, Gao, Shengwang, Gao, Jianfeng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.06.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Conduction bands; Decarboxylation; Defluorination; Degradation; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Electromagnetic absorption; Enrofloxacin; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Ions; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Multilayers; Photocatalysis; Photodegradation; Research Article; Sol-gel processes; Spectrograms; Strontium; Titanium dioxide; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Alkaline earth metals; Photocatalytic degradation; Enrofloxacin; Visible-light catalysis; Doping
• ISSN: 1614-7499; 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27338-x

Multilayer strontium-doped TiO 2 /carbon dots (CDs) materials (TC) were produced via sol-gel-layered carbonization method. A thorough analysis of the fabricated composites via XRD, SEM, and XPS revealed that strontium ions, TiO 2 and CDs, were combined with each other to form layered structures. According to the UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrograms and ( αhv ) 1/2 vs. hv plots, the electron-donor property of strontium ions caused a more positive TC conduction band position than that in the pure TiO 2 , thereby increasing the visible-light absorption range of TC. Based on the photocatalytic degradation data, the degradation rate of enrofloxacin was 84.7% at the dosage of 0.05 g·L −1 and the concentration of 10 mg·L −1 . The capture experiments and ESR results showed that ·O 2 − and e − played a major role in the degradation process of TC. The possible degradation mechanism of enrofloxacin was explained in terms of decarboxylation and defluorination, as was detected via ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) analysis. Graphical Abstract