Glyphosate remains in forest plant tissues for a decade or more

• Published in: Forest ecology and management Vol. 493; p. 119259
• Main Authors: Botten, N., Wood, L.J., Werner, J.R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.08.2021
• Subjects: AMPA; Forest ecology; Glyphosate; Persistence; Sub-lethal herbicide; Persistence; AMPA; Sub-lethal herbicide; Glyphosate; Forest ecology
• ISSN: 0378-1127; 1872-7042
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119259

[Display omitted] •Glyphosate, applied at sub-lethal doses, in some cases remains in trace amounts after twelve years.•Climate can influence the duration of glyphosate persistence in plant tissues.•Roots retain more glyphosate than do shoots, and they retain it for a longer duration.•Raspberry and blueberry fruit contained low quantities of glyphosate one year after treatment. Glyphosate-based herbicides are highly effective, non-selective, and broad-spectrum herbicides that have been used in British Columbia’s forest industry since the early 1980’s. Over this time, long-term persistence of glyphosate has not been measured, largely due to the inability to analyze glyphosate at low concentrations. Given the advancements in analytical techniques that are now available, we have extended the persistence curve of glyphosate to elucidate the actual length of time of persistence in northern British Columbia, rather than relying on estimations of persistence based on half-life curves that are quite often modelled from incomparable environments. We collected plant tissues from five forest understory perennial species growing in two distinct biogeoclimatic regions of northern BC to map out how glyphosate residue quantities change over time according to species, plant tissue type, and climate regime. We found that residues persisted for up to 12 years in some tissue types, and that root tissues generally retained glyphosate residues longer than shoot tissue types. We also found that samples from the colder, more northern biogeoclimatic zone investigated retained significantly higher levels of glyphosate for longer than samples collected from the warmer biogeoclimatic zone.