Decreased expression of TGF-β, GILT and T-cell markers in the early stages of soybean enteropathy in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.)

• Published in: Fish & shellfish immunology Vol. 27; no. 1; pp. 65 - 72
• Main Authors: Lilleeng, Einar, Penn, Michael H., Haugland, Øyvind, Xu, Cheng, Bakke, Anne Marie, Krogdahl, Åshild, Landsverk, Thor, Frøystad-Saugen, Marianne K.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.07.2009
• Subjects: Animal Feed - adverse effects; Animals; CD3; CD3 Complex - metabolism; CD8; CD8 Antigens - metabolism; Cloning, Molecular; DNA Primers - genetics; Enteritis - chemically induced; Enteritis - immunology; Enteritis - pathology; Enteritis - veterinary; Fish Diseases - chemically induced; Fish Diseases - immunology; Fish Diseases - pathology; Gene Expression Regulation - immunology; Glycine max - toxicity; Immunohistochemistry - veterinary; Interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT); Interleukin-1beta - metabolism; Intestine; Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL); Nutrition; Plasmids - genetics; qPCR; Salmo salar; TGF-β; Transforming Growth Factor beta - genetics; Transforming Growth Factor beta - metabolism; Transforming growth factor β; Interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT); CD3; Nutrition; Intestine; Transforming growth factor β; CD8; TGF-β; qPCR; Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL)
• ISSN: 1050-4648; 1095-9947
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2009.04.007

This study investigated the early expression of T-cell markers and genes potentially involved in the induction of soybean meal (SBM) enteropathy in the distal intestine (DI) of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.). Quantitative PCR was used to study the expression of CD3, CD8β, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in salmon fed SBM for 1, 3 and 7 days using fish fed fishmeal as controls. In the same tissue, the morphological development of SBM enteropathy was evaluated by routine histology and the presence of T cells was mapped by immunohistochemistry. TGF-β was significantly down-regulated on all days of feeding SBM. GILT was significantly down-regulated on days 3 and 7 compared to day 1. A depression in the expression of T-cell markers was observed on day 3 whereas increased densities of T cells were observed at the base of mucosal folds after 7 days of feeding SBM. Down-regulation of GILT and TGF-β may lead to sensitization of intraepithelial lymphocytes and failure to maintain normal mucosal integrity in the DI. These responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of SBM enteropathy in Atlantic salmon.