Nucleotide sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein gene of an avian and a human influenza virus strain identifies two classes of nucleoproteins

• Published in: Virology (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 155; no. 2; pp. 345 - 355
• Main Authors: Buckler-White, Alicia J., Murphy, Brian R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: San Diego, CA Elsevier Inc 01.12.1986; Elsevier
• Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence; AVIAN INFLUENZAVIRUS; Base Sequence; Biological and medical sciences; Biological Evolution; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; GENE; GENERO HUMANO; GENES; Genes, Viral; Genetics; GENRE HUMAIN; influenza A virus; Influenza A virus - genetics; INFLUENZAVIRUS; INFLUENZAVIRUS AVIAIRE; MANKIND; Microbiology; NUCLEOPROTEINAS; NUCLEOPROTEINE; NUCLEOPROTEINS; Nucleoproteins - classification; Nucleoproteins - genetics; NUCLEOTIDE; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEOTIDOS; RNA, Viral - genetics; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Viral Proteins - classification; Viral Proteins - genetics; Virology; VIRUS DE LA INFLUENZA AVIAR; Virus; Human; Vertebrata; Influenzavirus A; Gene; Nucleotide sequence; Biological evolution; Orthomyxoviridae; Aves; Influenzavirus; Nuclear protein; Strain
• ISSN: 0042-6822; 1096-0341
• DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90198-4

The nucleotide sequences of RNA segment 5 of an avian influenza A virus, A/Mallard/ NY?6750/78 (H2N2), and a human influenza A virus, A/Udorn/307/72 (H3N2), were determined and the deduced amino acid sequences of the nucleoprotein (NP) of these viruses were compared to two other avian and two other human influenza A NP sequences. The results indicated that there are separate classes of avian and human influenza A NP genes that can be distinguished on the basis of sites containing amino acids specific for avian and human influenza viruses and also by amino acid composition. The human influenza A virus NP genes appear to follow a linear pathway of evolution with the greatest homology (96.9%) between A/NT/60/68 (H3N2) and A/Udorn/72, isolated only 4 years apart, and the least homology (91.1 %)between A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) and A/Udorn/72, isolated 38 years apart. Furthermore, 84% of the nucleotide substitutions between A/PR/8/34 and A/NT/ 60 68 are preserved in the NP gene of the A/Udorn/72 strain. In contrast, a distinct linear pathway is not present in the avian influenza NP genes since the homology (90.3%)between the two avian influenza viruses A/Parrot/Ulster/73 (H7N1) and A/Mallard/78 isolated only 5 years apart is not significantly greater than the homology (90.1 %)between strains A/FPV/Rostock/34 and A/Mallard/78 isolated 44 years apart and only 49% of the nucleotide substitutions between A/FPV/34 and A/Parrot/73 are found in A/Mallard/78. A determination of the rate of evolution of the human influenza A virus NP genes suggested that there were a greater number of nucleotide substitutions per year during the first several years immediately following the emergence of anew subtype in 1968.