Integrated single-cell transcriptome and T cell receptor profiling reveals defects of T cell exhaustion in pulmonary tuberculosis

Tuberculosis-affected lungs with chronic inflammation harbor abundant immunosuppressive immune cells but the nature of such inflammation is unclear. Dysfunction in T cell exhaustion, while implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases, remains unexplored in tuberculosis. Given that immunotherapy targe...

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Published inThe Journal of infection Vol. 88; no. 6; p. 106158
Main Authors Wen, Zilu, Wang, Lin, Ma, Hui, Li, Leilei, Wan, Laiyi, Shi, Lei, Li, Hongwei, Chen, Hui, Hao, Wentao, Song, Shu, Xue, Qinghua, Wei, Yutong, Li, Feng, Xu, Jianqing, Zhang, Shulin, Wong, Ka-Wing, Song, Yanzheng
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2024
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Summary:Tuberculosis-affected lungs with chronic inflammation harbor abundant immunosuppressive immune cells but the nature of such inflammation is unclear. Dysfunction in T cell exhaustion, while implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases, remains unexplored in tuberculosis. Given that immunotherapy targeting exhaustion checkpoints exacerbates tuberculosis, we speculate that T cell exhaustion is dysfunctional in tuberculosis. Using integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and T cell receptor profiling we reported defects in exhaustion responses within inflamed tuberculosis-affected lungs. Tuberculosis lungs demonstrated significantly reduced levels of exhausted CD8+ T cells and exhibited diminished expression of exhaustion-related transcripts among clonally expanded CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Additionally, clonal expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells bearing T cell receptors specific for CMV was observed. Expanded CD8+ T cells expressed the cytolytic marker GZMK. Hence, inflamed tuberculosis-affected lungs displayed dysfunction in T cell exhaustion. Our findings likely hold implications for understanding the reactivation of tuberculosis observed in patients undergoing immunotherapy targeting the exhaustion checkpoint. •Single-cell analysis revealed defective T cell exhaustion in TB lungs.•Clonal expansion of T cells in TB linked to diminished exhaustion responses.•CMV-reactive clonally expanded T cells were enriched in TB lungs.•Upregulated GZMK, IFNγ in precursor of exhausted CD8+ T cells in TB lungs.•Dysfunctional T cell exhaustion may contribute to TB immunopathology.
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ISSN:0163-4453
1532-2742
DOI:10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106158