Use of EMFi as a blood pressure pulse transducer

• Published in: IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement Vol. 54; no. 6; pp. 2505 - 2512
• Main Authors: Sorvoja, H., Kokko, V.-M., Myllyla, R., Miettinen, J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.12.2005; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Arrays; Biomedical measurements; Blood pressure; Blood pressure monitoring; Deviation; Electrodes; noninvasive; Pressure measurement; pressure transducer array; Prototypes; Pulsation; Pulse measurements; pulse transit time; pulse wave velocity; radial artery pulsation; Spectra; Static pressure; Temperature distribution; Temperature sensors; Testing; Transducers
• ISSN: 0018-9456; 1557-9662
• DOI: 10.1109/TIM.2005.853345

This paper describes and tests two prototype series of pressure transducer arrays based on electromechanical film (EMFi). By offering high (/spl sim/T/spl Omega/) resistance, EMFi is an excellent material for low-current long-term measurement applications. About 50 transducer arrays were designed and tested using different configurations and electrode materials to sense low-frequency pressure pulsations on the radial artery in the wrist. Essential requirements included an adequate linear response in the desired temperature range and uniform quality. Transducer sensitivity was tested as a function of temperature in the range of 25/spl deg/C-45/spl deg/C at varying dc and ac pressures. The average sensitivity of the EMFi used in the transducers proved adequate (/spl sim/2.2mV/mmHg and /spl sim/7 mV/mmHg for normal and high-sensitive films) for the intended purpose. Moreover, EMFi's spectral response covered the required range for biomedical applications, but it was unable to measure static pressure (f/sub 3 dB//spl ap/38 /spl mu/Hz). The sensitivity of the EMFi material was sufficiently constant for measuring blood pressure pulses in the desired range (0-300 mmHg), and the best achieved deviation in sensitivity was /spl plusmn/5.1%. It was also established that in addition to sensitivity and its standard deviation, crosstalk between electrode elements also depends strongly on electrode thickness.