Models Matter, So Does Training: An Empirical Study of CNNs for Optical Flow Estimation

• Published in: IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence Vol. 42; no. 6; pp. 1408 - 1423
• Main Authors: Sun, Deqing, Yang, Xiaodong, Liu, Ming-Yu, Kautz, Jan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States IEEE 01.06.2020; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Adaptive optics; and convolutional neural network (CNN); cost volume; Databases, Factual; Empirical analysis; Estimation; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - methods; Network architecture; Neural Networks, Computer; Optical flow; Optical flow (image analysis); Optical imaging; Optical signal processing; Protocol (computers); Protocols; pyramid; Software; Training; warping
• ISSN: 0162-8828; 1939-3539; 2160-9292
• DOI: 10.1109/TPAMI.2019.2894353

We investigate two crucial and closely-related aspects of CNNs for optical flow estimation: models and training. First, we design a compact but effective CNN model, called PWC-Net, according to simple and well-established principles: pyramidal processing, warping, and cost volume processing. PWC-Net is 17 times smaller in size, 2 times faster in inference, and 11 percent more accurate on Sintel final than the recent FlowNet2 model. It is the winning entry in the optical flow competition of the robust vision challenge. Next, we experimentally analyze the sources of our performance gains. In particular, we use the same training procedure for PWC-Net to retrain FlowNetC, a sub-network of FlowNet2. The retrained FlowNetC is 56 percent more accurate on Sintel final than the previously trained one and even 5 percent more accurate than the FlowNet2 model. We further improve the training procedure and increase the accuracy of PWC-Net on Sintel by 10 percent and on KITTI 2012 and 2015 by 20 percent. Our newly trained model parameters and training protocols are available on https://github.com/NVlabs/PWC-Net .