Cellular and Molecular Homeostatic Microenvironmental imbalances in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Published in: Balneo and PRM Research Journal (Online. English ed.) Vol. 14; no. Vol.14, no.2; p. 564
• Main Authors: Munteanu, Constantin, Onose, Gelu, Turnea, Marius-Alexandru, Rotariu, Mariana
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Romanian Association of Balneology, Editura Balneara 01.06.2023
• Subjects: homeostatic imbalances; microenvironment; osteoarthritis (oa); rheumatoid arthritis (ra)
• ISSN: 2734-844X; 2734-8458
• DOI: 10.12680/balneo.2023.564

Human movement is a complex and multifactorial process due to the interaction between the body and the environment. Movement is the result of activities of all the structures that make up a joint (i.e., ligaments, tendons, muscles, fascicles, blood vessels, nerves, etc.) and of the control actions of the nervous system on them. Therefore, many pathological conditions can affect the Neu-ro-Myo-Arthro-Kinetic System (NMAK). Osteoarthritis (OA) is the degenerative form of arthritis with a high incidence and a pro-longed course that affects articular and periarticular tissues such as articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and synovium, a degen-erative consequence. Instead, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated synovial disease caused by a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. This review aims to compare Osteoar-thritis (OA) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in terms of pathogenesis and microenvironment and determine the main changes in a joint microenvironment regarding immunological defense elements and bioenergetics which can explain the pathological development with new thera-peutical opportunities. Keywords: Osteoarthritis (OA); Rheumatoid arthritis (RA); Homeostatic imbalances; Microenvironment