Fate of Aflatoxins during Almond Oil Processing

Almonds rejected as inedible are often used for production of almond oil. However, low-quality almonds are frequently contaminated with aflatoxins, and little is known regarding transfer of aflatoxins to almond oil during processing. In this study, oil was produced from reject almonds by hexane extr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of food protection Vol. 84; no. 1; pp. 106 - 112
Main Authors Mahoney, Noreen E, Cheng, Luisa W, Palumbo, Jeffrey D
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Limited 01.01.2021
Subjects
Adsorbents
Aflatoxins
Aflatoxins - analysis
Bentonite
Clay
Clay minerals
Contamination
Diatomaceous earth
Fatty acids
Food safety
Hexanes
Nuts
Oil
Oils & fats
Oxidation
Petroleum refining
Plant Oils
Prunus dulcis
Refining
Sodium
United States > US
California
Aflatoxins
Almond oil
Oil refining
Oil quality
Mineral clay
Adsorbents
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Summary:Almonds rejected as inedible are often used for production of almond oil. However, low-quality almonds are frequently contaminated with aflatoxins, and little is known regarding transfer of aflatoxins to almond oil during processing. In this study, oil was produced from reject almonds by hexane extraction. Of 19 almond samples that were naturally contaminated with aflatoxins, 17 oil samples contained measurable amounts of aflatoxins, and aflatoxin content of contaminated oil was correlated with aflatoxin content of the nuts. However, oil aflatoxin levels were not correlated with the oxidation level of the oil as measured by percent free fatty acids and peroxide value. Adsorbents used in oil refining were tested for their ability to remove aflatoxins from contaminated oil. Fuller's earth and bentonite were the most effective, removing 96 and 86% of total aflatoxins from contaminated oil samples, respectively. Treatment with diatomaceous earth, in contrast, had no effect on aflatoxin levels in oil. These results show that oil refining steps using mineral clay adsorbents may also function to remove aflatoxins from contaminated oil.
ISSN:0362-028X
1944-9097
DOI:10.4315/JFP-20-229