Do recombinant-engineered nanoparticle vaccines hold promise for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus?

• Published in: Nanomedicine (London, England) Vol. 11; no. 5; pp. 439 - 442
• Main Authors: Lee, Young-Tae, Kwon, Young-Man, Kang, Sang-Moo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Future Medicine Ltd 01.03.2016
• Subjects: Age; Cotton; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; Glycoproteins; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Infections; Influenza; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - therapeutic use; Proteins; recombinant nanoparticles; Respiratory syncytial virus; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - immunology; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - prevention & control; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - virology; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses - immunology; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses - pathogenicity; RSV; Vaccines; Viral Vaccines - immunology; Viral Vaccines - therapeutic use; RSV; vaccines; recombinant nanoparticles
• ISSN: 1743-5889; 1748-6963
• DOI: 10.2217/nnm.16.2

During the 1960s, a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine (FI-RSV) with alum adjuvant formulation was used to vaccinate young age children less than 6 months of age, which caused severe respiratory disease requiring hospitalizations and causing two deaths upon natural RSV infection (2). Since this tragic failure of FI-RSV vaccine trials due to vaccine-enhanced disease (VED) upon infection, there is no licensed vaccine against RSV. Some children and adults are re-infected every 3-10 years often with severe manifestation of sinus and/or asthma disease complications. [...]the major challenges for developing RSV vaccines include protection of young infants, inability of natural infection-induced immunity to prevent reinfection and notorious legacy of VED. Coexpression of RSV F or G and influenza virus M1 matrix protein in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system resulted in efficient release of VLPs presenting RSV F or G, which are effective in inducing Th1-type antibody responses and inhibiting lung viral replication in mice (14). [...]RSV F VLP immunization of mice induced CD8α+ DCs and IFN-γ producing CD8 T-cell responses in the lungs, preventing pulmonary histopathology of VED (18). [...]F VLP nanoparticle vaccination can induce distinct innate and adaptive cellular subsets preventing pulmonary VED in mice, which are different from FI-RSV vaccination and live RSV reinfections, after RSV challenge.