Infection with multidrug resistant, dual-tropic HIV-1 and rapid progression to AIDS: a case report

• Published in: The Lancet (British edition) Vol. 365; no. 9464; pp. 1031 - 1038
• Main Authors: Markowitz, Martin, Mohri, Hiroshi, Mehandru, Saurabh, Shet, Anita, Berry, Leslie, Kalyanaraman, Roopa, Kim, Alexandria, Chung, Chris, Jean-Pierre, Patrick, Horowitz, Amir, Mar, Melissa La, Wrin, Terri, Parkin, Neil, Poles, Michael, Petropoulos, Christos, Mullen, Michael, Boden, Daniel, Ho, David D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Elsevier Ltd 19.03.2005; Lancet; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - drug therapy; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - virology; Adult; AIDS; Antiretroviral agents; Antiretroviral drugs; Biological and medical sciences; Case reports; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Clinical trials; Disease Progression; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral; Drug therapy; General aspects; Genetic markers; HIV Infections - drug therapy; HIV Infections - immunology; HIV Infections - virology; HIV-1 - chemistry; HIV-1 - drug effects; HIV-1 - genetics; HIV-1 - physiology; Human viral diseases; Humans; Infections; Infectious diseases; Lymphocytes; Male; Medical sciences; Public health; Receptors, CCR5 - analysis; Receptors, CXCR4 - analysis; Sexually transmitted diseases; STD; T-Lymphocyte Subsets; Viral diseases; Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids; Virus Replication; Immunopathology; Mixed infection; Prognosis; HIV-1 virus; Retroviridae; AIDS; Immune deficiency; Lentivirus; Infection; Virus; Case study; Medicine; Viral disease; Multiple resistance; Evolution; Human immunodeficiency virus
• ISSN: 0140-6736; 1474-547X
• DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71139-9

Rapid progression to AIDS after acute HIV-1 infection, though uncommon, has been noted, as has the transmission of multidrug resistant viruses. Here, we describe a patient in whom these two factors arose concomitantly and assess the effects. We did a case study of a patient with HIV-1 seroconversion. We genotyped the virus and host genetic markers by PCR and nucleotide sequencing. To ascertain the drug susceptibility of our patient's HIV-1 we did phenotypic studies with the PhenoSense assay. We assessed viral coreceptor use via syncytium formation in vitro and with a modified PhenoSense assay. Our patient seems to have been recently infected by a viral variant of HIV-1 resistant to multiple classes of antiretroviral drugs. Furthermore, his virus population is dual tropic for cells that express CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptor. The infection has resulted in progression to symptomatic AIDS in 4–20 months. The intersection of multidrug resistance and rapid development of AIDS in this patient is of concern, especially in view of his case history, which includes high-risk sexual contacts and use of metamfetamine. The public health ramifications of such a case are great.