Operando Quantified Lithium Plating Determination Enabled by Dynamic Capacitance Measurement in Working Li‐Ion Batteries

• Published in: Angewandte Chemie International Edition Vol. 61; no. 39; pp. e202210365 - n/a
• Main Authors: Xu, Lei, Xiao, Ye, Yang, Yi, Yang, Shi‐Jie, Chen, Xiao‐Ru, Xu, Rui, Yao, Yu‐Xing, Cai, Wen‐Long, Yan, Chong, Huang, Jia‐Qi, Zhang, Qiang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Weinheim Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 26.09.2022
• Edition: International ed. in English
• Subjects: Alternating current; Anodic protection; Capacitance; Cathodic protection; Electric Double Layer Capacitance; Electrochemistry; Fast Determination; Lithium; Lithium Plating; Lithium-ion batteries; Operando Characterization; Plating; Pouch Lithium-Ion Batteries; Working conditions
• ISSN: 1433-7851; 1521-3773; 1521-3773
• DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210365

The access to full performance of state‐of‐the‐art Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) is hindered by the mysterious lithium plating behavior. A rapid quantified lithium plating determination method compatible with actual working conditions is an urgent necessity for safe working LIBs. In this contribution, the relationship between electrical double layer (EDL) capacitance and electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) of graphite anodes during the Li‐ion intercalation and Li plating processes is unveiled. We propose an operando lithium plating determination method based on the dynamic capacitance measurement (DCM) test. Reasonable selection of alternating current (AC) frequency protects the anodic responses from the interference of cathodic responses, which allows DCM to be applied in practical LIBs. The onset of lithium plating can be quantitatively traced, demonstrating the promise for real‐time operando determination for lithium plating in a working battery. An operando quantified detection method enabled by dynamic capacitance measurement (DCM) is proposed for working batteries without extra equipment and sensors. An upward trend of capacitance can be observed once the Li plating occurs, which determines the onset of Li plating.