Population genetics and distribution data reveal conservation concerns to the sky island endemic Pithecopus megacephalus (Anura, Phyllomedusidae)

• Published in: Conservation genetics Vol. 19; no. 1; pp. 99 - 110
• Main Authors: Ramos, Elisa Karen Silva, de Magalhães, Rafael Félix, Sari, Eloisa Helena Reis, Rosa, Augusto Henrique Batista, Garcia, Paulo Christiano Anchietta, Santos, Fabrício Rodrigues
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.02.2018; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animal Genetics and Genomics; Anura; Biodiversity; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Brazil; Conservation; Conservation Biology/Ecology; Conservation genetics; data deficient species; Demographics; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; Ecology; Endemic species; Endemism; Evolutionary Biology; extinction; Genetic diversity; Genetic structure; genetic variation; Genetics; Geographical distribution; guidelines; highlands; indigenous species; Life Sciences; mountains; phylogeography; Pithecopus megacephalus; Plant Genetics and Genomics; Population; Population dynamics; Population genetics; Population structure; Preservation; Research Article; risk; Spatial distribution; Species extinction; Threatened species; Wildlife conservation; Brazil; Protected areas; Espinhaço Mountain Range; Genetic structure; IUCN Red List; Data deficient species
• ISSN: 1566-0621; 1572-9737
• DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-1013-z

Pithecopus megacephalus is a reticulated monkey–frog species endemic to the highlands of the Espinhaço Mountain Range in southeastern Brazil, an important centre of endemism in South America. This species has a discontinuous distribution and is considered “data-deficient” by the IUCN Red List, raising concerns about its conservation. Understanding the historical dynamics and connectivity of P. megacephalus populations can provide guidelines for preservation of this species in the wild. To investigate the population dynamics of P. megacephalus , we obtained multilocus DNA data for 55 individuals from different locations along the species’ known distribution. Spatial population structure, genetic diversity and demographic parameters were evaluated using population genetic and phylogeographical tools. We also evaluated its extent of occurrence and area of occupancy to investigate extinction risk of this species. We found genetic structure along P. megacephalus ’ spatial distribution in the South Espinhaço Mountain Range corresponding to three population groups: northern, central and southern. Our results could provide important data on geographic distribution and population dynamics for a Data Deficient species. Therefore, we suggest these population data, together with the species’ limited occurrence in sky island environments could be used for a more accurate classification of P. megacephalus in the IUCN list, and conservation strategies for the species should be planned accordingly.