Role of Oncogenes and Tumor-suppressor Genes in Carcinogenesis: A Review

Cancer is a medical condition which has a molecular basis. Proto-oncogenes are the first regulatory factors of this biological process. They act in transmitting signals, resulting as growth factors. Modifications of these genes, called oncogenes, lead to the appearance of cancer cells. The activatio...

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Published inAnticancer research Vol. 40; no. 11; pp. 6009 - 6015
Main Authors KONTOMANOLIS, EMMANUEL N., KOUTRAS, ANTONIOS, SYLLAIOS, ATHANASIOS, SCHIZAS, DIMITRIOS, MASTORAKI, AIKATERINI, GARMPIS, NIKOLAOS, DIAKOSAVVAS, MICHAIL, ANGELOU, KYVELI, TSATSARIS, GEORGIOS, PAGKALOS, ATHANASIOS, NTOUNIS, THOMAS, FASOULAKIS, ZACHARIAS
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Athens International Institute of Anticancer Research 01.11.2020
Subjects
Angiogenesis
Apoptosis
Biological activity
Cancer
Carcinogenesis
Carcinogens
Cell activation
Cell cycle
Cell death
Cell growth
Chromosome translocations
Chromosomes
Epidermal growth factor
Gene amplification
Genes
Genetic diversity
Genomes
Growth factors
Kinases
Metastasis
MicroRNAs
Mutation
Neoplasms
Point mutation
Proteins
Proto-oncogenes
Signal transduction
Transcription factors
Translocation
Tumor suppressor genes
Tumorigenesis
Tumors
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Summary:Cancer is a medical condition which has a molecular basis. Proto-oncogenes are the first regulatory factors of this biological process. They act in transmitting signals, resulting as growth factors. Modifications of these genes, called oncogenes, lead to the appearance of cancer cells. The activation process leading to proto-oncogenes are chromosomal translocation, point mutation, and gene amplification. Concerning the clonal theory of oncogenesis, it is believed that a tumor starts from a cell. Furthermore, there is close association between tumor development and inhibition of apoptosis or programmed cell death, providing cell immortality. Angiogenesis and angiogenic factors found to be expressed in tumors and may play a key role in tumor formation and development. Tumor-suppressor genes block the growth of cancer and contribute to the normal development of cells. This article highlights the evidence that neoplasms develop as the after-effect of the increase of acquired and physical genetic variations in proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes; these form a target group in the cells of neoplasms. Tumor formation and development are characterized by individual processes, working synergistically, and an understanding of each individual process may provide a better basis for further anticancer research.
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ISSN:0250-7005
1791-7530
1791-7530
DOI:10.21873/anticanres.14622