Susceptibility to postharvest peel pitting in Citrus fruits as related to albedo thickness, water loss and phospholipase activity

• Published in: Postharvest biology and technology Vol. 123; pp. 77 - 82
• Main Authors: Cronjé, Paul J.R., Zacarías, Lorenzo, Alférez, Fernando
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01.01.2017; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Agricultural production; Albedo; Citrus fruits; Citrus reticulata; Citrus sinensis; Coating effects; Corrosion; Cultivars; Fruits; Groundwater flow; Humidity; Incidence; Oranges; Peel pitting; Phospholipase; Phospholipase A2; Phospholipase D; Phospholipases; Relative humidity; Studies; Thickness measurement; Tissues; Turgor; Water loss; Water potential; Water stress; Waxing; Citrus fruits; Peel pitting; Albedo; Phospholipases; Water stress
• ISSN: 0925-5214; 1873-2356
• DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2016.08.012

•Peel pitting susceptibility differ between Navelate orange and Ortanique mandarin.•Packhouse treatments increase pitting incidence.•Phospholipase D and A2 activities higher in pitting susceptible cultivar. To study the influence of albedo thickness and phospholipase activity on the incidence of postharvest peel pitting (PP) in citrus fruit the tangor Ortanique, mandarin, with a thin albedo and tolerant to peel pitting were compared to that of the sensitive Navelate Navel orange with a thick albedo. Fruit from both cultivars was subjected to identical postharvest practices consisting of washing and/or waxing on a commercial packline and thereafter the fruit was stored for 3 weeks at 30% or 90% relative humidity (RH). For comparison, other fruit lots were washed manually and stored as above. Periodically, water loss, water, osmotic and turgor potentials were monitored and peel pitting incidence was evaluated. For both cultivars fruit weight loss was higher in packline than in manually processed, however, only ‘Navelate Navel’ orange fruit developed peel pitting with higher incidence in the packline treatments compared with manually processed fruit. In addition, wax coating exacerbated this effect leading to higher pitting of ‘Navelate Navel’ orange. Accordingly, water potential variations were more pronounced in wax coated fruit from ‘Navelate Navel’ orange as compared to ‘Ortanique’ mandarin. Furthermore, Phospholipase D and A2 (PLD and PLA2) activities were higher in the peel from the pitting susceptible cultivar, suggesting their activation by sharper changes in peel water potential. Collectively, results suggest that water movement through cell layers in a thick albedo is related to postharvest peel pitting and support the notion that inability to properly adjust water status in peel tissue after prolonged water stress results in cell collapse and tissue damage. Moreover, enhanced phospholipase activity appears to be also a response of peel tissues to conditions causing peel pitting.