Automated Detection of Perturbed Cardiac Physiology During Oral Food Allergen Challenge in Children

• Published in: IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics Vol. 18; no. 3; pp. 1051 - 1057
• Main Authors: Twomey, N., Temko, A., Hourihane, J. Ob, Marnane, W. P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States IEEE 01.05.2014; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Allergens - immunology; Allergy and Immunology; Automated diagnosis; Child; Child, Preschool; Computational modeling; Databases, Factual; decision support; Detectors; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted - methods; Electrocardiography; Electrocardiography - methods; Feature extraction; Female; Food Hypersensitivity - diagnosis; Food Hypersensitivity - immunology; Food Hypersensitivity - physiopathology; Heart rate variability; Humans; Infant; Informatics; machine learning; Male; novelty detection; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
• ISSN: 2168-2194; 2168-2208
• DOI: 10.1109/JBHI.2013.2290706

This paper investigates the fully automated computer-based detection of allergic reaction in oral food challenges using pediatric ECG signals. Nonallergic background is modeled using a mixture of Gaussians during oral food challenges, and the model likelihoods are used to determine whether a subject is allergic to a food type. The system performance is assessed on the dataset of 24 children (15 allergic and 9 nonallergic) totaling 34 h of data. The proposed detector correctly classified all nonallergic subjects (100 % specificity) and 12 allergic subjects (80 % sensitivity) and is capable of detecting allergy on average 17 min earlier than trained clinicians during oral food challenges, the gold standard of allergy diagnosis. Inclusion of the developed allergy classification platform during oral food challenges recorded would result in a 30% reduction of doses administered to allergic subjects. The results of study introduce the possibility to halt challenges earlier which can safely advance the state of clinical art of allergy diagnosis by reducing the overall exposure to the allergens.