Soil phosphorus availability mediates the effects of nitrogen addition on community- and species-level phosphorus-acquisition strategies in alpine grasslands

• Published in: The Science of the total environment Vol. 906; p. 167630
• Main Authors: Guan, Zhen-Huan, Cao, Zuonan, Li, Xiao Gang, Scholten, Thomas, Kühn, Peter, Wang, Lin, Yu, Rui-Peng, He, Jin-Sheng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.01.2024
• Subjects: Alpine grassland; Nitrogen addition; Phosphorus-acquisition strategy; Plant root; Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau; Soil phosphorus availability; Phosphorus-acquisition strategy; Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau; C; RDW; SOC; Nitrogen addition; Plant root; QTP; SRL; N; P; Alpine grassland; PLFA; Soil phosphorus availability; Pi; AMF; HPLC; Po
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167630

Plants modulate their phosphorus (P) acquisition strategies (i.e., change in root morphology, exudate composition, and mycorrhizal symbiosis) to adapt to varying soil P availability. However, how community- and species-level P-acquisition strategies change in response to nitrogen (N) supply under different P levels remains unclear. To address this research gap, we conducted an 8-year fully factorial field experiment in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) combined with a 12-week glasshouse experiment with four treatments (N addition, P addition, combined N and P addition, and control). In the field experiment (community-level), when P availability was low, N addition increased the release of carboxylate from roots and led to a higher percentage of colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), along with decreased root length, specific root length (SRL), and total root length colonised by AMF. When P availability was higher, N addition resulted in an increase in the plant's demand for P, accompanied by an increase in root diameter and phosphatase activity. In the glasshouse experiment (species-level), the P-acquisition strategies of grasses and sedge in response to N addition alone mirrored those observed in the field, exhibiting a reduction in root length, SRL, and total root length colonised, but an increased percentage of AMF colonisation. Forbs responded to N addition alone with increased investment in all P-acquisition strategies, especially increased root biomass and length. P-acquisition strategies showed consistent changes among all species in response to combined N and P addition. Our results suggest that increased carboxylate release and AMF colonisation rate are common P-acquisition strategies of plants in alpine grasslands under N-induced P limitation. The main difference in P-acquisition strategies between forbs and grasses/sedges in response to N addition under low-P conditions was an increase in root biomass and length. [Display omitted] •Plant P-acquisition strategies altered by N addition depend on soil P level.•N enhances community AMF colonisation % and carboxylate release under low P level.•N boosts community root biomass, diameter and APase activity under high P level.•Grasses/sedge reduce root length and biomass under N-induced P limitation.•Forbs invest all the strategies under N-induced P limitation.