Regulation of Cell Polarity and RNA Localization in Vertebrate Oocytes

It has long been appreciated that the inheritance of maternal cytoplasmic determinants from different regions of the egg can lead to differential specification of blastomeres during cleavage. Localized RNAs are important determinants of cell fate in eggs and embryos but are also recognized as fundam...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inInternational Review of Cell and Molecular Biology Vol. 306; pp. 127 - 185
Main Author Houston, Douglas W.
Format Book Chapter Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier Science & Technology 2013
Subjects
Animals
Cell fate specification
Cell Polarity
Humans
mRNA localization
Oocytes - cytology
Oocytes - metabolism
Oogenesis
RNA - metabolism
RNA Transport
Vertebrate development
Xenopus
Xenopus
mRNA localization
Oogenesis
Cell polarity
Vertebrate development
Cell fate specification
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Summary:It has long been appreciated that the inheritance of maternal cytoplasmic determinants from different regions of the egg can lead to differential specification of blastomeres during cleavage. Localized RNAs are important determinants of cell fate in eggs and embryos but are also recognized as fundamental regulators of cell structure and function. This chapter summarizes recent molecular and genetic experiments regarding: (1) mechanisms that regulate polarity during different stages of vertebrate oogenesis, (2) pathways that localize presumptive protein and RNA determinants within the polarized oocyte and egg, and (3) how these determinants act in the embryo to determine the ultimate cell fates. Emphasis is placed on studies done in Xenopus, where extensive work has been done in these areas, and comparisons are drawn with fish and mammals. The prospects for future work using in vivo genome manipulation and other postgenomic approaches are also discussed.
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ISBN:9780124076945
0124076947
ISSN:1937-6448
DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-407694-5.00004-3