Diabetic Nephropathy Alters the Distribution of Circulating Angiogenic MicroRNAs Among Extracellular Vesicles, HDL, and Ago-2

• Published in: Diabetes (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 68; no. 12; pp. 2287 - 2300
• Main Authors: Florijn, Barend W., Duijs, Jacques M.G.J., Levels, Johannes H., Dallinga-Thie, Geesje M., Wang, Yanan, Boing, Anita N., Yuana, Yuana, Stam, Wendy, Limpens, Ronald W.A.L., Au, Yu Wah, Nieuwland, Rienk, Rabelink, Ton J., Reinders, Marlies E.J., van Zonneveld, Anton Jan, Bijkerk, Roel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Diabetes Association 01.12.2019
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Angiogenesis; Argonaute 2 protein; Argonaute Proteins - blood; Biomarkers - metabolism; Circulating MicroRNA - blood; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - blood; Diabetic Nephropathies - blood; Diabetic nephropathy; Endothelial cells; Epidermal growth factor receptors; Extracellular vesicles; Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism; Female; Glomerular filtration rate; Glomerular Filtration Rate - physiology; High density lipoprotein; Homeostasis; Humans; Lipoproteins, HDL - blood; Male; MicroRNAs; Microvasculature; Middle Aged; miRNA; Nephropathy; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - blood; RNA-binding protein
• ISSN: 0012-1797; 1939-327X; 1939-327X
• DOI: 10.2337/db18-1360

Previously, we identified plasma microRNA (miR) profiles that associate with markers of microvascular injury in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, miRs circulate in extracellular vesicles (EVs) or in association with HDL or the RNA-binding protein argonaute-2 (Ago-2). Given that the EV- and HDL-mediated miR transfer toward endothelial cells (ECs) regulates cellular quiescence and inflammation, we hypothesized that the distribution of miRs among carriers affects microvascular homeostasis in DN. Therefore, we determined the miR expression in EV, HDL, and Ago-2 fractions isolated from EDTA plasma of healthy control subjects, patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with or without early DN (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] >30 mL/min/1.73 m2), and patients with DN (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2). Consistent with our hypothesis, we observed alterations in miR carrier distribution in plasma of patients with DM and DN compared with healthy control subjects. Both miR-21 and miR-126 increased in EVs of patients with DN, whereas miR-660 increased in the Ago-2 fraction and miR-132 decreased in the HDL fraction. Moreover, in vitro, differentially expressed miRs improved EC barrier formation (EV-miR-21) and rescued the angiogenic potential (HDL-miR-132) of ECs cultured in serum from patients with DM and DN. In conclusion, miR measurement in EVs, HDL, and Ago-2 may improve the biomarker sensitivity of these miRs for microvascular injury in DN, while carrier-specific miRs can improve endothelial barrier formation (EV-miR-21/126) or exert a proangiogenic response (HDL-miR-132).