Inappropriate Activation of TLR4/NF-κB is a Cause of Heart Failure

• Published in: Cardiovascular innovations and applications Vol. 7; no. 1; p. 989
• Main Authors: Zhou, Jiedong, Lin, Hui, Lv, Tingting, Hao, Jinjin, Zhang, Hanlin, Sun, Shimin, Yang, Juntao, Chi, Jufang, Guo, Hangyuan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Compuscript Ltd 2023
• ISSN: 2009-8618; 2009-8782
• DOI: 10.15212/CVIA.2022.0020

Significance: Heart failure, a disease with extremely high incidence, is closely associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway plays an important role in the occurrence and development of heart failure. Recent advances: Previous studies have shown that TLR4/NF-κB causes heart failure by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation; damaging the endothelia; promoting fibrosis; and inducing myocardial hypertrophy, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy. Critical issues: Understanding the pathogenesis of heart failure is essential for the treatment of this disease. In this review, we outline the mechanisms underlying TLR4/NF-κB pathway-mediated heart failure and discuss drugs that alleviate heart failure by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Future directions: During TLR4/NF-κB overactivation, interventions targeting specific receptor antagonists may effectively alleviate heart failure, thus providing a basis for the development of new anti-heart failure drugs.