Association between glycated hemoglobin/high-density lipoprotein ratio and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a U.S. nondiabetic population: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2017–2020 data

• Published in: BMC gastroenterology Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 567 - 10
• Main Authors: Zheng, Xiaowei, Wang, Huimin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 07.08.2025; BMC
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Cholesterol, HDL - blood; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cross-sectional study; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin - analysis; Glycated hemoglobin/High-density lipoprotein; Glycosylated hemoglobin; Health aspects; High density lipoproteins; Humans; Lipoproteins, HDL - blood; Male; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Middle Aged; NHANES; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - blood; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - epidemiology; Non-diabetic; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Nutrition Surveys; Risk Factors; Surveys; United States - epidemiology; United States; China; Non-diabetic; NHANES; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Cross-sectional study; Glycated hemoglobin/High-density lipoprotein
• ISSN: 1471-230X; 1471-230X
• DOI: 10.1186/s12876-025-04190-6

The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between the glycated hemoglobin/high-density lipoprotein (HbA1c/HDL-C) ratio and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in non-diabetic adults in the United States. Using pertinent variables gathered from the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, we performed a cross-sectional study including 5,485 adult U.S. citizens. Data were analyzed using multifactor logistic regression, smoothed curve fitting, subgroup, and interaction analyses. Among the 5485 individuals included, there was a significant positive correlation between NAFLD and HbA1c/HDL-C ratio. After adjusting for all covariates, the probability of having NAFLD increased significantly for each unit increase in the log-transformed ratio of this [2.39 (1.94, 2.93)]. Furthermore, we discovered a nonlinear relationship with an inflection point of 1.43 between the ratio and NAFLD. In the end, subgroup analyses revealed a significant interaction between the correlation of this ratio and NAFLD, stratified by the presence or absence of comorbid coronary artery disease (interaction P < 0.05). Our study demonstrated a significant positive correlation between the HbA1c/HDL-C ratio and NAFLD risk in non-diabetic individuals. Thus, the ratio may be a useful correlate of NAFLD risk. Monitoring this ratio through routine physical examination may help to identify high-risk individuals early and then take lifestyle interventions (e.g., dietary modification, increased exercise, etc.) or pharmacological treatments to prevent the development of NAFLD.