Mineralogy, Chemical Characteristics and Upgrading of Beach Ilmenite of the Top Meter of Black Sand Deposits of the Kafr Al‐Sheikh Governorate, Northern Egypt

• Published in: Acta geologica Sinica (Beijing) Vol. 91; no. 4; pp. 1326 - 1338
• Main Authors: ABDEL‐KARIM, Abdel‐Aal M., MOUSTAFA, Mohamed I., El‐AFANDY, Adel H., BARAKAT, Mohamed G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Richmond Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.08.2017; Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt%Engineering Colleges, Northern Border University, Saudi Arabia%Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O.Box 530 Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
• Edition: English ed.
• Subjects: Aluminum oxide; Beach ilmenite; Beaches; Beneficiation; chemistry; Chromium oxides; Concentrates (ores); Grain size; Grain size distribution; Haematite; Hematite; Ilmenite; Iron; Leaching; Magnesium oxide; Magnetic permeability; Magnetic susceptibility; Mineralogy; Northern Egypt; Quartz; Rutile; Sand; Separation processes; Silicon dioxide; Size distribution; Titanium dioxide; Upgrading; chemistry; mineralogy; upgrading; Northern Egypt; Beach ilmenite
• ISSN: 1000-9515; 1755-6724
• DOI: 10.1111/1755-6724.13364

Egyptian beach ilmenite occurs in a relatively high content in the naturally highly concentrated superficial black sand deposits at specific beach zones in the northern parts of the Nile Delta at Rosetta. Microscopic study shows that the ilmenite occurs as fresh homogeneous black or heterogeneous multicoloured altered grains and exhibits three types (homogeneous, exsolved and altered) of ilmenite varieties. XRD data of ilmenite indicates their association with minor hematite and quartz, whereas leucoxene shows its association with Nb‐rutile, pseudorutile and hematite. Grain size distribution suggests a very fine sand size of >89% and 80% and a fine sand size of 10.5% and 18.3% for fresh and altered ilmenites, respectively. The density of fresh, altered ilmenite and leucoxene concentrates varies from 2.70, 2.50 to 2.40 ton/m3, suggesting a gradual decrease from high grade fresh to leucoxene and consistent with variation in magnetic susceptibility as a consequence of the leaching of iron. Mass magnetic susceptibility reveals 97.6% of ilmenite and 92% of the altered form are obtained at 0.20 and 0.48 ampere. Fresh ilmenite exhibits variable TiO2 (47.18%) and Fe2O3T (46.10%) with minor MnO, MgO and Cr2O3 (1.22, 1.10 and 0.51%). The altered ilmenite is higher in TiO2 (76.16%) and SiO2 (4.68%) and lower in Fe2O3T (14.45%), MnO, MgO and Cr2O3 (0.39, 0.52 and 0.11%) compared with the fresh form. Three concentrates of ilmenites (G1, G2 and G3) were prepared from crude ore using a Reading cross belt magnetic separator under different conditions, revealing a gradual increase of TiO2, SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO accompanied by a decrease of Fe2O3T, MgO and Cr2O3 with repetition of the separation processes. Several ore dressing techniques were carried out to upgrade the ilmenite concentrate.