TGF-β1 Signaling and Tissue Fibrosis

• Published in: Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology Vol. 10; no. 4; p. a022293
• Main Authors: Kim, Kevin K, Sheppard, Dean, Chapman, Harold A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 01.04.2018
• Subjects: Accumulation; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Collagen; Collagen - metabolism; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Extracellular matrix; Feedback, Physiological; Fibrosis; Humans; Integrins - metabolism; Integrins - physiology; Mice; Models, Biological; Morbidity; Organs; PERSPECTIVES; Repair; Signal Transduction; Signaling; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - genetics; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - metabolism; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 - physiology; Transforming growth factor-b1; Wound Healing
• ISSN: 1943-0264; 1943-0264
• DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022293

Activation of TGF-β1 initiates a program of temporary collagen accumulation important to wound repair in many organs. However, the outcome of temporary extracellular matrix strengthening all too frequently morphs into progressive fibrosis, contributing to morbidity and mortality worldwide. To avoid this maladaptive outcome, TGF-β1 signaling is regulated at numerous levels and intimately connected to feedback signals that limit accumulation. Here, we examine the current understanding of the core functions of TGF-β1 in promoting collagen accumulation, parallel pathways that promote physiological repair, and pathological triggers that tip the balance toward progressive fibrosis. Implicit in better understanding of these processes is the identification of therapeutic opportunities that will need to be further advanced to limit or reverse organ fibrosis.