Ball-in-socket medial conformity with posterior cruciate ligament retention neither limits internal tibial rotation and knee flexion nor lowers clinical outcome scores after unrestricted kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty

• Published in: International orthopaedics Vol. 47; no. 7; pp. 1737 - 1746
• Main Authors: Elorza, Saúl Pacheco, O’Donnell, Ed, Nedopil, Alexander, Howell, Stephen M., Hull, Maury L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.07.2023
• Subjects: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee - methods; Biomechanical Phenomena; Humans; Knee Joint - surgery; Knee Prosthesis; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Original Paper; Orthopedics; Posterior Cruciate Ligament - surgery; Range of Motion, Articular; Rotation; Tibia - surgery; Single-plane fluoroscopy; Total knee replacement; Flat lateral articular surface; Tibiofemoral kinematics; Medial pivot; Lowest point method
• ISSN: 0341-2695; 1432-5195
• DOI: 10.1007/s00264-023-05834-6

Purpose For a new tibial insert design with ball-in-socket (B-in-S) medial conformity (MC), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) retention, and flat lateral articular surface (B-in-S MC + PCL), this study determined whether internal tibial rotation and knee flexion were limited and clinical outcome scores were lower during weight-bearing activities relative to an insert with intermediate (I) (i.e., less than ball-in-socket) medial conformity (I MC + PCL). Methods Twenty-five patients were treated with bilateral unrestricted, caliper-verified kinematic alignment (KA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with an I MC + PCL insert and B-in-S MC + PCL insert in opposite knees. Each patient performed weight-bearing deep knee bend, step up, and chair rise under single-plane fluoroscopy. Analysis following 3D model-to-2D image registration determined internal tibial rotation. For each TKA, knee flexion was measured and patients completed clinical outcome scoring questionnaires. Results Internal tibial rotation did not differ between conformities during chair rise and step up ( p  = 0.3419 and 0.1030, respectively). During deep knee bend, internal tibial rotation between 90° and maximum flexion was 3° greater in the B-in-S MC + PCL group (18° vs 15°) ( p  = 0.0290). Mean knee flexion ( p  = 0.3115) and median Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), and Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores ( p  = 0.2100, 0.2154, and 0.4542, respectively) did not differ between conformities. Conclusion An insert with ball-in-socket medial conformity, which maximizes anteroposterior (AP) stability, did not limit internal tibial rotation and knee flexion and did not lower patient-reported outcomes when implanted with unrestricted caliper-verified KA and PCL retention. The high AP stability provided by the medial ball-in-socket might interest those surgeons exploring the treatment of the active patient with a desire to return to high-level and athletic activities.