Interoceptive awareness in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder normally diagnosed in childhood and persisting into adulthood in up to two-thirds of the patients. Its core symptoms comprise inattention and hyperactive–impulsive behaviours. Several studies suggest that patients with AD...

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Published inAttention deficit and hyperactivity disorders Vol. 11; no. 4; pp. 395 - 401
Main Authors Kutscheidt, Katrin, Dresler, Thomas, Hudak, Justin, Barth, Beatrix, Blume, Friederike, Ethofer, Thomas, Fallgatter, Andreas J., Ehlis, Ann-Christine
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Vienna Springer Vienna 01.12.2019
Subjects
Adult
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - physiopathology
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - psychology
Awareness
Case-Control Studies
Female
Humans
Interoception
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Myocardial Contraction
Original Article
Psychiatry
ADHD
Interoception
Interoceptive awareness
Self-regulation
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Summary:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder normally diagnosed in childhood and persisting into adulthood in up to two-thirds of the patients. Its core symptoms comprise inattention and hyperactive–impulsive behaviours. Several studies suggest that patients with ADHD show alterations in self-regulation and self-monitoring. So far, it has not been described whether these deficits also affect the awareness of one’s own bodily signals, that is, interoceptive awareness. To investigate possible alterations in interoceptive awareness, 14 adult patients with ADHD and 16 healthy controls performed a heartbeat detection task, in which they had to count their heartbeat without any external help (e.g. visualization on a screen). As an indicator of the individual interoceptive awareness ability, a score based on the comparison between recorded and counted heart beats was calculated. Our results showed that patients with ADHD performed significantly worse on this task than controls, which indicates that they were less aware of internal bodily signals while additionally experiencing deficits in regulating and monitoring their own (overt) behaviours.
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ISSN:1866-6116
1866-6647
1866-6647
DOI:10.1007/s12402-019-00299-3