Enforcing surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use to drive stewardship: experience in a paediatric setting

• Published in: The Journal of hospital infection Vol. 144; pp. 14 - 19
• Main Authors: Zaffagnini, A, Rigotti, E, Opri, F, Opri, R, Simiele, G, Tebon, M, Sibani, M, Piacentini, G, Tacconelli, E, Carrara, E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01.02.2024
• Subjects: Paediatric infectious diseases; Antimicrobial resistance; Surveillance; Antibiotic stewardship; Implementation
• ISSN: 0195-6701; 1532-2939
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.12.001

Antibiotic stewardship (AS) interventions in paediatrics are still not standardized regarding methodology, metrics, and outcomes. We report the results of an AS intervention in the paediatric area based on education and guideline provision via an electronic App. The AS intervention was conducted in 2021 through observation, education, audit and feedback and provision of an electronic App (Firstline.org) to support antibiotic prescription based on local susceptibility data. The primary outcome was the antibiotic consumption in the 12 months following the intervention (year 2022) compared with a historical 12-month control (year 2019) via an interrupted time series analysis. Secondary outcomes were appropriateness of therapy, length of stay, 30-day readmission, transfers to the paediatric intensive care unit, in-hospital mortality, and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). During the post-intervention phase, 29 cross-sectional audits and feedback were conducted including 467 patients. Prescriptions were appropriate according to the guidelines in 85.7% of cases, with a stable trend over time. A significant decrease in antibiotic consumption was measured in terms of defined daily doses per 1000 patient days (-222.13; P<0.001) and days of therapy per 1000 patient days (-452.49; P<0.001) in the post-intervention period with a clear inversion of the Access to Watch ratio (from 0.7 to 1.7). Length of stay, in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit transfers, and incidence of AMR infections remained stable, while 30-day readmission decreased from 4.9 per 100 admissions to 2.8 per 100 admissions (P<0.001). The intervention was associated with a significant reduction in antimicrobial consumption and an increase in the appropriateness of prescriptions. Electronic tools can be of value in promoting adherence to guidelines and ensuring the sustainability of results.