Association of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) With Cardiovascular Risk in Primary Prevention

• Published in: Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology Vol. 35; no. 10; pp. 2254 - 2259
• Main Authors: Zhu, Yiming M, Anderson, Todd J, Sikdar, Khokan, Fung, Marinda, McQueen, Matthew J, Lonn, Eva M, Verma, Subodh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.10.2015
• Subjects: Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers - blood; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases - blood; Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality; Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Cholesterol, LDL - blood; Cohort Studies; Coronary Artery Disease - blood; Coronary Artery Disease - mortality; Coronary Artery Disease - prevention & control; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Primary Prevention - methods; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Proprotein Convertase 9; Proprotein Convertases - blood; Risk Factors; Serine Endopeptidases - blood; Severity of Illness Index; Survival Rate; PCSK9 protein; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular diseases; LDL cholesterol; human; body mass index
• ISSN: 1079-5642; 1524-4636
• DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.306172

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays an important role in the modulation of low-density lipoprotein metabolism. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between serum PCSK9 concentrations and measures of vascular health, subclinical atherosclerosis, and adverse cardiovascular events. The relationship between traditional risk factors and PCSK9 concentrations was also examined. The cohort consisted of 1527 middle-aged men enrolled in the Firefighters and Their Endothelium (FATE) study, who were free of vascular disease and followed up over a mean period of 7.2±1.7 years. Baseline evaluation included assessment of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and measurements of flow-mediated dilation, reactive hyperemic velocity time integral, and carotid intima-media thickness. Biochemical parameters, including serum PCSK9 concentrations, were analyzed to determine predictors of vascular measures and to evaluate the role of PCSK9 in the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events. Multivariate linear regression analyses indicated that body mass index, insulin, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides were independent predictors of PCSK9. Further modeling revealed no correlation between PCSK9 concentration and carotid intima media thickness, flow-mediated dilation, or reactive hyperemic velocity time integral. Analyses indicated no significant association between PCSK9 concentrations and cardiovascular event occurrences. Although correlated with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, insulin, and triglycerides, PCSK9 was not associated with measures of vascular function or structure. There was also no significant relationship between PCSK9 concentrations and cardiovascular events. Thus, although PCSK9 is an important therapeutic target to reduce circulating low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations, it is unlikely to be a biomarker of atherosclerotic risk or vascular health.