Exploring phytochemical constituents of Achillea arabica Kotschy. ethanolic flower extract by LC-MS/MS and its possible antioxidant and antidiabetic effects in diabetic rats

• Published in: Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. A journal of biosciences Vol. 78; no. 5; pp. 189 - 199
• Main Authors: Hanalp, Hanife Ceren, Dogan, Abdulahad, Saygi, Tuba Kusman, Donmez, Fatih, Battal, Abdulhamit
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany De Gruyter 25.05.2023
• Subjects: Achillea; Animals; Antioxidants - chemistry; Blood Glucose; Chromatography, Liquid; diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - chemically induced; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - drug therapy; Flowers; Hypoglycemic Agents - chemistry; Hypoglycemic Agents - pharmacology; LC-MS/MS; NMR; oxidative stress; Phytochemicals - therapeutic use; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Rats; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; LC-MS/MS; NMR; diabetes mellitus; A. arabica; oxidative stress
• ISSN: 0939-5075; 1865-7125
• DOI: 10.1515/znc-2022-0082

The aim of this study was to reveal the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of ethanolic lyophilized extract of flower extract against streptozotosine (STZ)-induced in diabetic rats and to determine its phytochemical content by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). After toxicity test, 35 female rats were divided into five groups. Control, diabetes mellitus (DM), (400 mg/kg) extract, DM +  (400 mg/kg) extract and DM + Glibenclamide (2 mg/kg). It was determined that while diabetic rats treated plant extract significantly decreased blood glucose level, serum glucose, HbA1c, liver and kidney damage biomarker levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared to the DM group, it caused fluctuations in antioxidant enzyme levels. According to LC-MS/MS results of flower extract, quinic acid (2439.9 μg/g), cyranoside (858.4 μg/g), chlorogenic acid (698.7 μg/g), and cosmosiin (347.8 μg/g) were determined as major compounds, respectively. In addition, two new compounds were determined in this extract according to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Mass analyses and these compounds were named edremitine and achillosine, respectively. Thus, flower extract has possible therapeutic effects to prevent high blood glucose level and oxidative stress caused by DM in liver and kidney via its high phenolic content.