The role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide salvage enzymes in cardioprotection

• Published in: Kardiochirurgia i torakochirurgia polska Vol. 21; no. 2; pp. 86 - 95
• Main Authors: Kibria, Fazle, Das, Sudip Kumar, Arefin, Md Sahidul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Poland Termedia Publishing House 01.06.2024
• Subjects: cardioprotection; cardiovascular disease; nicotinamide; nicotinate; nicotinate phosphoribosyl transferase; Review Paper; cardioprotection; cardiovascular disease; nicotinate; nicotinate phosphoribosyl transferase; nicotinamide
• ISSN: 1731-5530; 1897-4252
• DOI: 10.5114/kitp.2024.141145

The increasing trend of cardiac diseases is becoming a major threat globally. Cardiac activities are based on integrated action potential through electronic flux changes within intra- and extracellular molecular activities. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a major electron carrier present in almost all living cells and creates gated potential by electron exchange from one chemical to another in terms of oxidation (NAD ) and reduction (NADH) reactions. NAD plays an important role directly or indirectly in protecting against various cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, occlusion, ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction (MI), rhythmic disorder, and a higher order of cardiovascular complexity. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) is well known as a rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway except for NAD synthesis and directly involved in the cardioprotective activity. There are two more enzymes - nicotinate phosphoribosyl transferase (NAPRT) and nicotinamide riboside kinase (NRK) - which also work as rate-limiting factors in the NAD+ synthesis pathway. This study concentrated on the role of NAMPT, NAPRT, and NRK in cardioprotective activity and prospective cardiac health.