The effects of functional nanofillers on the reaction kinetics, microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of water blown rigid polyurethane foams

• Published in: Polymer (Guilford) Vol. 150; pp. 138 - 149
• Main Authors: Santiago-Calvo, Mercedes, Tirado-Mediavilla, Josías, Ruiz-Herrero, José Luis, Rodríguez-Pérez, Miguel Ángel, Villafañe, Fernando
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 15.08.2018
• Subjects: Mechanical properties; Nanoclay; Nanosilica; Polyurethane foam; Reaction kinetics; Thermal properties; Thermal properties; Mechanical properties; Nanoclay; Nanosilica; Reaction kinetics; Polyurethane foam
• ISSN: 0032-3861; 1873-2291
• DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.029

The use of functional nanofillers to improve the properties of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams has caused the need for a better understanding of how these nanofillers modify the reaction kinetic of the PU system. In this study, different nanoclays and nanosilicas are used as functional nanofillers. Analysis of the kinetic data obtained by in-situ FTIR spectroscopy monitoring allows to correlate the isocyanate consumption with the type of nanoparticles. The quantification of urethane and urea, obtained by deconvolution of the carbonyl region absorptions, enables to follow the blowing and gelling reactions during the foaming process. These reactions are correlated to the nature of the chemical groups present on the surface of the nanoparticles added. In addition, the effect of the modification of the reaction kinetics on the density, cellular structure, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties is herein discussed. [Display omitted] •Rigid polyurethane foams reinforced with nanofillers (nanoclays or nanosilicas) are produced and characterized.•The effect of nanofillers on polyurethane reaction kinetics is evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy.•The effect of the reaction kinetics on the microstructure and physical properties is discussed.•Nanoparticles modify both the reaction kinetics and foaming mechanisms affecting the final physical properties.