Passenger vehicle interior decontamination by low concentration hydrogen peroxide vapor following a wide area biological contamination incident
To assess low concentration hydrogen peroxide (LCHP) (H2O2) vapor dispersed with a home humidifier for its ability to decontaminate vehicle interiors contaminated with Bacillus anthracis surrogate Bacillus atrophaeus spores. Efficacy of a vaporized 3% H2O2 solution was evaluated for liquid volumes,...
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Published in | Journal of applied microbiology Vol. 134; no. 3 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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01.03.2023
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Abstract | To assess low concentration hydrogen peroxide (LCHP) (H2O2) vapor dispersed with a home humidifier for its ability to decontaminate vehicle interiors contaminated with Bacillus anthracis surrogate Bacillus atrophaeus spores.
Efficacy of a vaporized 3% H2O2 solution was evaluated for liquid volumes, on/off vehicle heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system operations, and temperatures that ranged from 5 to 27°C. Survival of the spores was assessed by quantification of remaining viable spores with efficacy quantified in terms of mean log10 reduction. Decontamination efficacy after the 6-day dwell time increased when the 3% H2O2 liquid volume was doubled, increasing from 4-of-10 to 10-of-10 nondetects (zero colonies counted using standard dilution and filter plating) inside the vehicle cabin. Recirculating cabin air through the HVAC system during decontamination decreased efficacy to 6-of-10 non-detects. While no 6-log10 reduction in viable spores was observed on the cabin filter with the cabin filter kept in place, a 6-log10 reduction was achieved after its removal and placement in the cabin during treatment.
Results from this study allow for informed decisions on the use of LCHP vapor as an effective decontamination approach for vehicle interiors. |
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AbstractList | To assess low concentration hydrogen peroxide (LCHP) (H2O2) vapor dispersed with a home humidifier for its ability to decontaminate vehicle interiors contaminated with Bacillus anthracis surrogate Bacillus atrophaeus spores.
Efficacy of a vaporized 3% H2O2 solution was evaluated for liquid volumes, on/off vehicle heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system operations, and temperatures that ranged from 5 to 27°C. Survival of the spores was assessed by quantification of remaining viable spores with efficacy quantified in terms of mean log10 reduction. Decontamination efficacy after the 6-day dwell time increased when the 3% H2O2 liquid volume was doubled, increasing from 4-of-10 to 10-of-10 nondetects (zero colonies counted using standard dilution and filter plating) inside the vehicle cabin. Recirculating cabin air through the HVAC system during decontamination decreased efficacy to 6-of-10 non-detects. While no 6-log10 reduction in viable spores was observed on the cabin filter with the cabin filter kept in place, a 6-log10 reduction was achieved after its removal and placement in the cabin during treatment.
Results from this study allow for informed decisions on the use of LCHP vapor as an effective decontamination approach for vehicle interiors. AIMSTo assess low concentration hydrogen peroxide (LCHP) (H2O2) vapor dispersed with a home humidifier for its ability to decontaminate vehicle interiors contaminated with Bacillus anthracis surrogate Bacillus atrophaeus spores.METHODS AND RESULTSEfficacy of a vaporized 3% H2O2 solution was evaluated for liquid volumes, on/off vehicle heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system operations, and temperatures that ranged from 5 to 27°C. Survival of the spores was assessed by quantification of remaining viable spores with efficacy quantified in terms of mean log10 reduction. Decontamination efficacy after the 6-day dwell time increased when the 3% H2O2 liquid volume was doubled, increasing from 4-of-10 to 10-of-10 nondetects (zero colonies counted using standard dilution and filter plating) inside the vehicle cabin. Recirculating cabin air through the HVAC system during decontamination decreased efficacy to 6-of-10 non-detects. While no 6-log10 reduction in viable spores was observed on the cabin filter with the cabin filter kept in place, a 6-log10 reduction was achieved after its removal and placement in the cabin during treatment.CONCLUSIONSResults from this study allow for informed decisions on the use of LCHP vapor as an effective decontamination approach for vehicle interiors. Abstract Aims To assess low concentration hydrogen peroxide (LCHP) (H2O2) vapor dispersed with a home humidifier for its ability to decontaminate vehicle interiors contaminated with Bacillus anthracis surrogate Bacillus atrophaeus spores. Methods and results Efficacy of a vaporized 3% H2O2 solution was evaluated for liquid volumes, on/off vehicle heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system operations, and temperatures that ranged from 5 to 27°C. Survival of the spores was assessed by quantification of remaining viable spores with efficacy quantified in terms of mean log10 reduction. Decontamination efficacy after the 6-day dwell time increased when the 3% H2O2 liquid volume was doubled, increasing from 4-of-10 to 10-of-10 nondetects (zero colonies counted using standard dilution and filter plating) inside the vehicle cabin. Recirculating cabin air through the HVAC system during decontamination decreased efficacy to 6-of-10 non-detects. While no 6-log10 reduction in viable spores was observed on the cabin filter with the cabin filter kept in place, a 6-log10 reduction was achieved after its removal and placement in the cabin during treatment. Conclusions Results from this study allow for informed decisions on the use of LCHP vapor as an effective decontamination approach for vehicle interiors. |
Author | Oudejans, Lukas Calfee, M Worth Keyes, Patrick Richter, William Lee, Sang Don Hofacre, Kent Mickelsen, R Leroy Sunderman, Michelle |
AuthorAffiliation | 3 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Land and Emergency Management, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Consequence Management Advisory Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA 2 Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH 43201, USA 1 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH 43201, USA – name: 3 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Land and Emergency Management, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Consequence Management Advisory Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA – name: 1 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA |
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Cites_doi | 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02686.x 10.1128/AEM.05377-11 10.1002/rem.21629 10.1177/1420326X11420307 10.1093/jaoac/90.3.825 10.1289/ehp.114-a32 10.1021/acs.est.8b05274 10.1111/jam.13284 10.1089/bsp.2011.0095 10.1021/acs.est.9b06034 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.10.015 10.1128/AEM.00258-17 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05259.x 10.1080/08927014.2013.873418 10.1177/1535676017719846 10.1089/bsp.2011.0025 |
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Keywords | vaporous hydrogen peroxide commercial off‐the‐shelf remediation sporicide bacterial spore anthrax bacillus anthracis vehicle |
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Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Lukas Oudejans (Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft), William Richter (Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft), Michelle Sunderman (Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing ), M. Worth Calfee (Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing), R. Leroy Mickelsen (Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing), Kent Hofacre (Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing ), Patrick Keyes (Investigation, Methodology), and Sang Don Lee (Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing) Author Contributions |
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References | Jakubowski (2023030913464820200_) 2013 Krauter (2023030913464820200_) 2011; 9 Campbell (2023030913464820200_) 2012; 10 Calfee (2023030913464820200_) 2012; 112 Mickelsen (2023030913464820200_) 2019; 30 Rose (2023030913464820200_) 2011; 77 Rogers (2023030913464820200_) 2005; 99 Tomasino (2023030913464820200_) 2007; 90 US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (2023030913464820200_) 2016 Wood (2023030913464820200_) 2019; 53 Wood (2023030913464820200_) 2016; 121 Guan (2023030913464820200_) 2017; 22 US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (2023030913464820200_) 2011 US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (2023030913464820200_) 2010 Sattar (2023030913464820200_) 2017; 83 Stephenson (2023030913464820200_) 2014; 30 Wood (2023030913464820200_) 2020; 54 Yang (2023030913464820200_) 2008 Manuel (2023030913464820200_) 2006; 114 Solon (2023030913464820200_) 2012; 21 Calfee (2023030913464820200_) 2013; 95 |
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Snippet | To assess low concentration hydrogen peroxide (LCHP) (H2O2) vapor dispersed with a home humidifier for its ability to decontaminate vehicle interiors... Abstract Aims To assess low concentration hydrogen peroxide (LCHP) (H2O2) vapor dispersed with a home humidifier for its ability to decontaminate vehicle... AIMSTo assess low concentration hydrogen peroxide (LCHP) (H2O2) vapor dispersed with a home humidifier for its ability to decontaminate vehicle interiors... |
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SubjectTerms | Bacillus Bacillus anthracis Decontamination - methods Hydrogen Peroxide - pharmacology Spores, Bacterial |
Title | Passenger vehicle interior decontamination by low concentration hydrogen peroxide vapor following a wide area biological contamination incident |
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