Biochemical and stress-attenuating effects of butaphosphan-cyanocobalamin combination drug in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

• Published in: Fisheries science Vol. 86; no. 2; pp. 375 - 384
• Main Authors: Seo, Jung-Soo, Lee, Ji-Hoon, Park, Jung-Jin, Choi, Ji-Sung, Bae, Jun Sung, Lee, Chae Won, Yang, Chan Yeong, Kang, Yue-Jai, Choi, Sang-Hoon, Park, Kwan Ha
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Tokyo Springer Japan 01.03.2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adenosine; Adenosine triphosphate; Antibiotics; Aquaculture; ATP; Attenuation; Biological stress; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Body weight; Cortisol; Cyanocobalamin; Drug dosages; Drugs; Farms; Fish; Fish & Wildlife Biology & Management; Fish culture; Fish farms; Food Science; Freshwater & Marine Ecology; Hepatotoxicity; Hormones; Hypothermia; Hypoxia; Immunoglobulin M; Life Sciences; Livestock; Lysozyme; Marine fishes; Muscles; Nucleotides; Original Article; Paralichthys olivaceus; Phosphonic acids; Phosphorus; Reduction; Serum; Toxicity; Transaminase; Vitamin B12; Vitamins; Adenosine nucleotides; Cortisol elevation; Hypoxia; Phosphorus supplementation; Vitamin B12 supplementation; Lysozyme reduction; [1-(Butylamino)-1-methylethyl]-phosphonic acid; Hypothermia
• ISSN: 0919-9268; 1444-2906
• DOI: 10.1007/s12562-019-01389-x

Butaphosphan {[1-(butylamino)-1-methylethyl]-phosphonic acid (BTP)}-cyanocobalamin [vitamin B 12 (C)], a combination drug comprising an organic source of phosphorus and a synthetic form of vitamin B 12 , is used to attenuate stress responses in livestock. This study was performed to examine the effects of BTP-C in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus under normal and stressful conditions. P. olivaceus was intramuscularly injected with BTP-C (50–300 mg BTP-C/kg body weight) under normal conditions and changes in muscle adenosine nucleotides examined. BTP-C increased adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) levels; this effect was more pronounced at 22 °C than at 13 °C. Serum transaminase levels were also elevated at a dose of 300 mg BTP-C/kg, which suggested possible hepatotoxicity of the drug. Effects of BTP-C on stress were examined by injecting it at a rate of 50 mg/kg. BTP-C partially prevented hypothermia- and hypoxia-induced reduction in feeding. Serum immunoglobulin M levels were increased by BTP-C in these stress tests. Although BTP-C did not affect hypothermia-induced cortisol elevation or lysozyme reduction, changes in these parameters due to hypoxia were alleviated by the drug. Stress-attenuating effects of BTP-C were also confirmed in fish farms following injection of an antibiotic. These results indicate that BTP-C may be useful against various forms of stress in fish. Accelerated ATP production following the administration of BTP-C is one possible mechanism resulting in the attenuation of stress effects. The clinically effective dose of BTP-C, 50 mg/kg, did not cause any marked toxicity in P. olivaceus .