From molecules to meteorology via turbulent scale invariance

• Published in: Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Vol. 136; no. 650; pp. 1125 - 1144
• Main Author: Tuck, A. F.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.07.2010; Wiley
• Subjects: Aerodynamics; Atmospheric chemistry; Computational fluid dynamics; Earth, ocean, space; Entropy; Exact sciences and technology; External geophysics; humidity; jet streams; Maximization; Meteorology; molecular dynamics; ozone; Physics of the high neutral atmosphere; Research aircraft; ring currents; Scale invariance; statistical multifractals; Temperature; Turbulence; winds; jet streams; radiative transfer; anisotropy; Probability distribution; Dropsonde; Review; Velocity distribution; ozone; entropy; Atmospheric temperature; fluctuations; winds; Jet (atmosphere, ocean); Jet stream; temperature; humidity; Atmospheric structure; Scale invariance; Energy distribution; ring currents; molecular dynamics; trajectory; Statistical equilibrium; Atmospheric chemistry; Ring current; statistical multifractals
• ISSN: 0035-9009; 1477-870X; 1477-870X
• DOI: 10.1002/qj.644

This review attempts to interpret the generalized scale invariance observed in common atmospheric variables—wind, temperature, humidity, ozone and some trace species—in terms of the computed emergence of ring currents (vortices) in simulations of populations of Maxwellian molecules subject to an anisotropy in the form of a flux. The data are taken from ‘horizontal’ tracks of research aircraft and from ‘vertical’ trajectories of research dropsondes. It is argued that any attempt to represent the energy distribution in the atmosphere quantitatively must have a proper basis in molecular physics, a prerequisite to accommodate the observed long‐tailed velocity probability distributions and the implied effects on radiative transfer, atmospheric chemistry, turbulent structure and the definition of temperature itself. The relationship between fluctuations and dissipation is discussed in a framework of non‐equilibrium statistical mechanics, and a link between maximization of entropy production and scale invariance is hypothesized. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society