The apoptosis of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) muscle during postmortem condition regulated by the cytokines via TOR and NF-κB signaling pathways

• Published in: Food chemistry Vol. 369; p. 130911
• Main Authors: Tie, Huai-Mao, Sun, Rong-Xin, Yu, Da-Wei, Yang, Fang, Jiang, Qi-Xing, Xu, Yan-Shun, Xia, Wen-Shui
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.02.2022
• Subjects: Apoptosis; Caspase; Cytokines; Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella); Inflammation; Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella); Caspase; Inflammation; Cytokines; Apoptosis
• ISSN: 0308-8146; 1873-7072
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130911

•Increased apoptosis occurred in grass carp muscle during postmortem condition.•Intrinsic and extrinsic pathway were observed by increased activity of caspase-3, 8 and 9.•Fish muscle at early stage was regulated by pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic mediators.•The increased apoptosis might be involved in NF-κB and TOR signaling pathway. Postmortem alteration by apoptosis has significant effects on flesh quality. Currently, the information necessary to understand the apoptotic behavior and the molecular mechanisms during postmortem alteration in fish muscle is still lacking. Activation of apoptosis and the cytokines involved in regulating apoptosis in fish muscle were evaluated during postmortem condition at 4 °C for 5 days in terms of apoptotic morphology changes, nucleus DNA fragmentation, caspases activation and related gene expressions. The triggering apoptotic mechanisms associated with multiple cytokines transcriptional levels showed that the up-regulated pro-apoptotic mediators [IFN-γ2, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17D, IL-12p35 and IL-10 (except IL-15)] and the down-regulated anti-apoptotic mediators of [IL-8 and IL-11 (except TGF-β and IL-4)] both regulated apoptosis at early stage, which were regulated by NF-κB and TOR, respectively. Results suggested that transcriptional regulation of multiple cytokines produce a positive outcome on triggering apoptosis.