Performance and ruminal morphologic characteristics of Saanen kids fed ground, pelleted or extruded total ration

• Published in: Small ruminant research Vol. 58; no. 1; pp. 47 - 54
• Main Authors: Amaral, C.M.C., Sugohara, A., Resende, K.T., Machado, M.R.F., Cruz, C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 2005
• Subjects: animal age; animal feeding; animal morphology; dry matter content; extrusion; feed intake; feed processing; Goat; grinding; Growth; histology; kids; liveweight gain; males; milk replacer; nutritive value; Papillae; pelleted feeds; rumen development; rumen epithelium; Ruminal epithelium; Saanen; total mixed rations; weaning; Goat; Growth; Ruminal epithelium; Papillae
• ISSN: 0921-4488; 1879-0941
• DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2004.08.009

The aim of the present study was to determine feed intake and average weight gain and to evaluate the ruminal morphologic characteristics of Saanen kids slaughtered at 30, 45 and 60 days of age, according to a completely randomized design. Thirty-six non-castrated male Saanen kids were fed ground total ration, pelleted total ration, or extruded total ration. Feed intake and refusals were controlled daily and the animals were weighed at birth and then once a week. Newborn kids received a milk replacer and were weaned at 45 days. Immediately after slaughter, the animals were eviscerated, the entire digestive apparatus was removed from the carcass. The reticulo-rumen was separated, emptied, washed and weighed. Samples were collected from the dorsal sac, pillar area and ventral sac of the rumen, fixed for about 24 h in Bouin's solution, dehydrated, embedded in Histosec and cut into 5 μm sections. Results showed that dry matter intake (DMI) at weaning and post-weaning and weight gain were higher ( P < 0.05) in animals that received the pelleted total ration. The weight of the reticulo-rumen accompanied body development and was heavier in these animals. Histologically, after weaning ruminal papillae were more developed in animals that received pelleted total ration. Length of papillae increased with increase of age. The ratio of papillary height to papillary width increased with age in the ventral sac and until weaning ( P > 0.05). We conclude that the pelleting process of the total ration favored increased intake, with a 46.7% increase in weight gain and increase in rumen weight and papillae length, suggesting that best results are obtained with this processing. In general, no difference was observed between the results obtained with extruded and ground total ration, although animals fed extruded total ration showed an increase in rumen weight and papillae width.