Ultra Reliable UAV Communication Using Altitude and Cooperation Diversity

• Published in: IEEE transactions on communications Vol. 66; no. 1; pp. 330 - 344
• Main Authors: Azari, Mohammad Mahdi, Rosas, Fernando, Kwang-Cheng Chen, Pollin, Sofie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.01.2018; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: aerial base station; Air-to-ground (A2G) communication; Altitude; Base stations; cooperative communication; Exact solutions; Fading channels; inverse Marcum Q-function; Mathematical analysis; Network reliability; Nodes; Optimization; outage probability; Poisson point process (PPP); Relaying; Relays; Reliability; Rician channels; Rician fading; System reliability; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); Unmanned aerial vehicles; Wireless communication; Wireless networks
• ISSN: 0090-6778; 1558-0857
• DOI: 10.1109/TCOMM.2017.2746105

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) serving as aerial base stations is expected to become predominant in the next decade. However, in order, for this technology, to unfold its full potential, it is necessary to develop a fundamental understanding of the distinctive features of air-to-ground (A2G) links. As a contribution in this direction, this paper proposes a generic framework for the analysis and optimization of the A2G systems. In contrast to the existing literature, this framework incorporates both height-dependent path loss exponent and small-scale fading, and unifies a widely used ground-to-ground channel model with that of A2G for the analysis of large-scale wireless networks. We derive analytical expressions for the optimal UAV height that minimizes the outage probability of an arbitrary A2G link. Moreover, our framework allows us to derive a height-dependent closed-form expression for the outage probability of an A2G cooperative communication network. Our results suggest that the optimal location of the UAVs with respect to the ground nodes does not change by the inclusion of ground relays. This enables interesting insights about the deployment of future A2G networks, as the system reliability could be adjusted dynamically by adding relaying nodes without requiring changes in the position of the corresponding UAVs. Finally, to optimize the network for multiple destinations, we derive an optimum altitude of the UAV for maximum coverage region by guaranteeing a minimum outage performance over the region.