Diversified upgrading of HMF via acetylation, aldol condensation, carboxymethylation, vinylation and reductive amination reactions

• Published in: Molecular catalysis Vol. 514; p. 111838
• Main Authors: Rigo, Davide, Polidoro, Daniele, Perosa, Alvise, Selva, Maurizio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.09.2021
• Subjects: 5-hmf; Dimethyl carbonate; Isopropenyl acetate; Reductive amination; Tandem reactions; Vinylation; Reductive amination; 5-hmf; Isopropenyl acetate; Dimethyl carbonate; Tandem reactions; Vinylation
• ISSN: 2468-8231; 2468-8231
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111838

•Multiple sustainable methodologies for the upgrading of 5-HMF.•Catalytic conversion of HMF and its derivatives integrated in the green chemistry principles.•Double functionalization of HMF through a one-step tandem sequence.•Innovative strategies of HMF valorization with perspectives in the materials (polymers) chemistry and formulation of fuel additives. Multiple sustainable methodologies were developed for the chemical upgrading of HMF: i) at 30–90 °C, highly selective base-catalyzed acetylation and carboxymethylation reactions of HMF with nontoxic reagents as isopropenyl acetate (iPAc) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) were achieved to prepare the corresponding ester and carbonate products, (5-formylfuran-2-yl)methyl acetate (5-formylfuran-2-yl) methyl carbonate, respectively; ii) based on the combined use of iPAc/DMC with acetone, a tandem protocol of acetylation/transcarbonation and aldol condensation was designed to synthesize a variety of HMF-derived α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds; iii) in water as a solvent, a chemoselective Pd-catalysed reductive amination of HMF with amino-alcohols also including glycerol derivatives, was developed using H2 at atmospheric pressure; iv) finally, both HMF and its ester and carbonate products successfully underwent Wittig vinylation reactions promoted by a methyl carbonate phosphonium salt ( [Ph3PCH3] [CH3OCO2]), to obtain the corresponding olefins. The vinylation reagent (the salt) was a DMC derivative. In all cases i-iv), not only processes occurred under mild conditions, but post-reaction procedures (work-up and purification) were optimized to isolate final products in high yields of 85–98%. [Display omitted]