A Kinetic Model for Dissolution of Zinc Oxide Powder Obtained from Waste Alkaline Batteries in Sodium Hydroxide Solutions

• Published in: Metallurgical and materials transactions. B, Process metallurgy and materials processing science Vol. 50; no. 1; pp. 491 - 501
• Main Authors: Demirkiran, Nizamettin, Özdemir, Gülistan Deniz Turhan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 15.02.2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: ACTIVATION ENERGY; Alkaline batteries; CARBONATES; Caustic soda; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemistry and Materials Science; CONCENTRATION RATIO; DESIGN; Dissolution; HYDROMETALLURGY; KINETICS; LEACHING; LIQUIDS; MANGANESE; MATERIALS SCIENCE; Mathematical models; Metallic Materials; Nanotechnology; PARTICLE SIZE; POWDERS; PRECIPITATION; Reaction kinetics; Sodium hydroxide; SODIUM HYDROXIDES; SOLIDS; SOLUTIONS; SOLVENTS; STIRRING; Structural Materials; Surfaces and Interfaces; Thin Films; YIELDS; ZINC; ZINC IONS; Zinc oxide; ZINC OXIDES; Zinc Oxide (ZnO); Sodium Hydroxide Solution; Avrami Model; Stirring Speed; Dissolution Kinetics
• ISSN: 1073-5615; 1543-1916
• DOI: 10.1007/s11663-018-1469-3

The determination of individual dissolution behaviors of zinc and manganese in waste alkaline battery powders is an important subject from the points of the leaching yield, design of leaching reactor, and separation and recovery steps of hydrometallurgical process. In the current study, we investigated the dissolution kinetics of zinc oxide powder. Zinc oxide was obtained from waste alkaline batteries, and sodium hydroxide solutions were used as solvent. In the experiments, the effects of solution concentration, reaction temperature, stirring speed, solid-to-liquid ratio, and particle size on the dissolution of zinc oxide were investigated. It was demonstrated that the dissolution increased with the increasing concentration, reaction temperature, and stirring speed, and with the decreasing solid-to-liquid ratio and particle size. In consequence of the kinetic analysis performed, it was found that the dissolution kinetics of zinc powder obeyed the Avrami model. Activation energy for the process was determined to be 19.42 kJ/mol. Zinc ions in the resulting solution after dissolution process was recovered in the form of hydroxy-carbonate product by precipitation method. Zinc oxide was produced by isothermal decomposition of hydroxy-carbonate product.