CXCL9/CXCL10 as biomarkers the monitoring of treatment responses in Pulmonary TB patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

• Published in: BMC infectious diseases Vol. 24; no. 1; pp. 1037 - 10
• Main Authors: Wei, Zeyou, Chen, Yuanjin, Dong, Pengyan, Liu, Zhihui, Lai, Xiaomin, Wang, Nan, Li, Hua, Wang, Qi, Tao, Lan, Su, Ning, Yang, Yu, Meng, Fanrong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 27.09.2024; BMC
• Subjects: Antitubercular Agents - therapeutic use; Biological markers; Biomarkers - blood; Chemokine CXCL10 - blood; Chemokine CXCL9; Chemokine CXCL9 - blood; Chemokines; Drug therapy; Drug utilization; Health aspects; Humans; Interferon-Inducible protein 10; Measurement; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Methods; Prognosis; PTB; Pulmonary tuberculosis; Treatment Outcome; Treatment response; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - blood; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - drug therapy; China; Chemokine CXCL9; Treatment response; Tuberculosis; Interferon-Inducible protein 10; PTB
• ISSN: 1471-2334; 1471-2334
• DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09939-0

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a persistent threat to global public health and traditional treatment monitoring approaches are limited by their potential for contamination and need for timely evaluation. Therefore, new biomarkers are urgently required for monitoring the treatment efficacy of TB. This study aimed to elucidate the levels of CXCL10 and CXCL9 in pulmonary TB patients who underwent anti-TB treatment. The data was acquired from five databases, including PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. A meta-analysis of CXCL10 data from all time points was conducted. Furthermore, a trend meta-analysis of temporal data of CXCL10 and CXCL9 from multiple time points was also performed. It was revealed that patients who responded poorly to anti-TB treatment had higher serum levels relative to those who responded well (SMD: 1.23, 95% CI: -0.37-2.84) at the end of intensive treatment (2 months). Furthermore, heterogeneity was observed in these results, which might be because patients with a prior history of TB and different treatment monitoring methods than those selected in this study were also included. The analysis of alterations in CXCL10 and CXCL9 levels since the last collection time points indicated that their levels reduced with time. In summary, the study revealed that reductions in CXCL10 levels during the first two months of anti-TB treatment are correlated with treatment responses. Furthermore, decreasing levels of CXCL9 during the treatment suggest that it may also serve as a biomarker with a similar value to CXCL10. Future in-depth studies are thus warranted to further probe the relevance of CXCL10 and CXCL9 in monitoring the treatment efficacy of TB.