Hong-Ou-Mandel Gravitational Wave Space spectrometER – HOMER mission

• Published in: Acta astronautica Vol. 147; pp. 364 - 373
• Main Authors: Jacinto de Matos, Clovis, Tajmar, Martin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elmsford Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2018; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Antennas; Architecture; Artificial satellites; Attitudes; Curvature; Detectors; Earth orbits; Electrons; Geosynchronous orbits; Gravitation; Gravitational wave spectrometry in space; Gravitational waves; Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer; Interferometers; Interferometry; Linear polarization; Photon polarization; Photons; Polarization; Quantum entanglement; Quantum mechanics; Relativity; Satellites; Space exploration; Spacecraft; Spacecraft design; Spectral analysis; Theoretical physics; Wavelengths; Photon polarization; Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer; Gravitational wave spectrometry in space
• ISSN: 0094-5765; 1879-2030
• DOI: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.03.040

Michelson type gravitational wave detectors measure the strain caused by gravitational waves on the interferometer's arms. Gravitational waves can also cause the rotation of photon's linear polarization vector, thus disturbing the interference of entangled photons in Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometers. Here one uses that physical phenomenon to devise a spectrometer for gravitational waves through the implementation of a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer in Earth geostationary orbit with a constellation of three different spacecraft in accurate formation flight. We call this mission, the Hong-Ou-Mandel Gravitational Waves Space SpectrometER (HOMER). HOMER will cover the part of the gravitational wave spectrum with wavelengths around λ=105 km, which falls between the long wavelength detection range of LISA, around λ=106 km, and of ground based detectors like LIGO, around λ=103 km. With respect to Michelson type detectors, the proposed concept for the detection and spectral analysis of gravitational waves has the advantage of operating without the need of drag free satellites, however it requires a relative precision of the attitude between satellites of the order of the gravitational waves amplitude δθ/θ∼h∼10−20, which makes the architecture of the HOMER mission as challenging as the Michelson type space detectors. The difficulty being however transferred from the monitoring of the relative distance between spacecraft (for Michelson antennas) to their relative attitude. By focusing on photons polarization instead of photons phase one can measure the spectrum of the detected gravitational signal. As a bonus, the proposed instrument could also investigate the influence of spacetime curvature on photons quantum entanglement, thus experimentally peering into the relation between general relativity and quantum mechanics, which is currently a subject of high interest in theoretical physics. This paper will describe the HOMER mission concept in general and the main elements of the payload and spacecraft design in particular. •Use of Hong-Ou-Mandel Interferometer as a spectrometer for gravitational waves.•Alternative gravitational waves detection method complementing ground and space based Michelson-type antennas.•Investigate the effect of gravitational waves on heralded photons polarization and on entangled quantum states.•Innovative implementation of a satellite reference frame which is not parallel transported.•Innovative technics to achieve extremely high relative satellite attitude control at the order of 0.21 nArcsec.