Legacies of Vietnam's imperial examinations, 1075–1919: More investment in education and better educational outcomes
•In Vietnam, the descendants of the successful takers of imperial exams have had higher educational attainment.•Household investment in education is higher among the descendants of Vietnamese who passed imperial exams.•Human capital investment persists in Vietnamese culture via informal institutions...
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Published in | Journal of Comparative Economics Vol. 51; no. 1; pp. 2 - 14 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Elsevier Inc
01.03.2023
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | •In Vietnam, the descendants of the successful takers of imperial exams have had higher educational attainment.•Household investment in education is higher among the descendants of Vietnamese who passed imperial exams.•Human capital investment persists in Vietnamese culture via informal institutions.
This study measures the impact of the number of people who passed the Vietnamese imperial examinations (1075–1919) on the present-day quantity and quality of education in their home districts. Our analyses at the district and individual levels are based mainly on the data of successful imperial test takers, the 2009 population census, and 2009 National Entrance Exams to University test scores. We find a persistent legacy in educational attainment outcomes. Although there may be multiple channels that explain the long-term historical effects, a tradition of human capital investment and cultural elements are among the most important factors. |
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ISSN: | 0147-5967 1095-7227 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.jce.2022.09.004 |