The influence of disease on feed and water consumption and on pharmacokinetics of orally administered oxytetracycline in pigs

• Published in: Journal of animal science Vol. 69; no. 7; p. 2947
• Main Authors: Pijpers, A, Schoevers, E J, van Gogh, H, van Leengoed, L A, Visser, I J, van Miert, A S, Verheijden, J H
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.07.1991
• Subjects: absorcion de agua; absorption d' eau; Actinobacillus Infections - metabolism; Actinobacillus Infections - physiopathology; Actinobacillus Infections - veterinary; actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Administration, Oral; agua potable; Animals; application methods; Biological Availability; blood serum; Body Temperature; cerdo; Drinking; drinking water; Eating; eau potable; farmacologia; feed intake; Half-Life; ingestion de pienso; injection; inyeccion; Male; methode d' application; metodos de aplicacion; modele; modelos; oxitetraciclina; oxytetracycline; Oxytetracycline - administration & dosage; Oxytetracycline - pharmacokinetics; pharmacologie; pharmacology; pleuroneumonia; pleuropneumonia; Pleuropneumonia - metabolism; Pleuropneumonia - physiopathology; Pleuropneumonia - veterinary; pleuropneumonie; porcin; prise alimentaire animaux; serum sanguin; suero sanguineo; Swine; Swine Diseases - metabolism; Swine Diseases - physiopathology; toxinas; toxine; toxins; water uptake
• ISSN: 0021-8812; 1525-3163
• DOI: 10.2527/1991.6972947x

In the present study the feed and water consumption and pharmacokinetic parameters of compared in clinically healthy pigs and in the orally administered oxytetracycline were compared in clinically healthy pigs and in the same pigs following a challenge with Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae toxins. Endobronchial challenge with A. pleuropneumoniae toxins was accompanied by anorexia, increased lassitude, labored breathing, fever, and increased white blood cell counts. Pleuropneumonia was evident in all pigs on autopsy. Following the challenge, both feed and water consumption were markedly reduced. In contrast to recommendations in the literature, it is concluded that drugs should not be administered to pneumonic pigs via water. In healthy pigs the oral bioavailability of oxytetracycline (50 mg/kg), given on an empty stomach, was 4.8% and the elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) was 5.92 h. After challenge, the pigs showed great variation in oxytetracycline plasma concentrations. In addition, the mean computed elimination rate constant (beta), t1/2 beta, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), and clearance in pneumonic pigs differed significantly (P < 0.05) from the values found in healthy pigs. The elimination half-life (t1/2 beta), AUC, and volume of distribution (Vd area) were increased. In diseased pigs the mean of maximum plasma concentrations (.87 micrograms/ml) was reached after 7 h, in contrast to 1.74 h (1.87 micrograms/ml) in the healthy pigs.