Age differences in the recruitment of syntactic analysis and semantic plausibility during sentence comprehension

• Published in: The Journal of general psychology Vol. 151; no. 4; pp. 444 - 466
• Main Author: Liu, Xinmiao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Psychology Press 01.10.2024; Taylor & Francis Inc
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Age differences; Age Factors; Aged; Aging; Aging - physiology; Aging - psychology; Comprehension - physiology; Female; Humans; Judgment; Language; Male; Memory, Short-Term - physiology; Mental task performance; Middle Aged; Older people; semantic plausibility; Semantics; sentence comprehension; syntactic analysis; working memory load; Young Adult; Aging; working memory load; semantic plausibility; sentence comprehension; syntactic analysis
• ISSN: 0022-1309; 1940-0888; 1940-0888
• DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2023.2283107

Syntactic analysis and semantic plausibility provide important cues to build the meaningful representation of sentences. The purpose of this research is to explore the age-related differences in the use of syntactic analysis and semantic plausibility during sentence comprehension under different working memory load conditions. A sentence judgment task was implemented among a group of older and younger adults. Semantic plausibility (plausible, implausible) and syntactic consistency (consistent, inconsistent) were manipulated in the experimental stimuli, and working memory load (high, low) was varied by manipulating the presentation of the stimuli. The study revealed a stronger effect of semantic plausibility in older adults than in younger adults when working memory load was low. But no significant age difference in the effect of syntactic consistency was discovered. When working memory load was high, there was a stronger effect of semantic plausibility and a weaker effect of syntactic consistency in older adults than in younger adults, which suggests that older adults relied more on semantic plausibility and less on syntactic analysis than younger adults. The findings indicate that there is an age-related increase in the use of semantic plausibility, and a reduction in the use of syntactic analysis as working memory load increases.