Can Bicarbonate Enhance the Performance of Carob Seedlings Grown in Nutrient Solutions with Different Fe Concentrations?

• Published in: Journal of soil science and plant nutrition Vol. 20; no. 1; pp. 55 - 65
• Main Authors: Gama, Florinda, Correia, Pedro José, Saavedra, Teresa, Dandlen, Susana, de Varennes, Amarilis, Nolasco, Gustavo, Pestana, Maribela
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.03.2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Agriculture; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Ca2+-transporting ATPase; Calcareous soils; Calcium carbonate; Calcium ions; Calmodulin; Carob; Cellular stress response; Chlorophyll; Chlorosis; Corn; Crops; Ecology; Environment; Experiments; Gene expression; Genes; Homeostasis; Iron; Iron deficiency; Leaves; Life Sciences; Mineral composition; Nutrient concentrations; Nutrient solutions; Nutritional status; Original Paper; Plant Sciences; Plants (botany); Reductases; Seedlings; Seeds; Sodium bicarbonate; Soil Science & Conservation; HCO; Iron chlorosis; Root FC-R; Calmodulin-regulated Ca; Nutrients; L; ATPase pump
• ISSN: 0718-9508; 0718-9516
• DOI: 10.1007/s42729-019-00100-4

The aim of this work was to assess the effect of bicarbonate (Bic) ion on the nutritional status and performance of carob-tree seedlings, a species that normally grows in calcareous soil without exhibiting iron chlorosis symptoms. Seedlings were previously grown in nutrient solution with a small concentration of Fe (0.5–1 μM) to induce a moderate chlorosis. Afterwards, two experiments were established: in experiment 1, plants were grown for 21 days in the following treatments: Fe deficiency (Fe0), 0.5 μM Fe, 5 μM Fe, and 5 μM Fe plus calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ). After assessing these results, a second experiment was conducted for 91 days, with the following treatments: Fe0, 1 μM Fe, 40 μM Fe and 40 μM Fe plus CaCO 3 and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ). Chlorophyll of young leaves, biomass and mineral composition of leaves, stems and roots were assessed in both experiments. The ferric chelate reductase root activity (FC-R) and the genetic expression of calmodulin-regulated Ca 2+ -ATPase pump (ACA gene) were evaluated in experiment 2. Fe-deficient plants exhibited reduced growth and enhanced macronutrients in leaves. Root micronutrient homeostasis changed as an adaptive mechanism in carob. The addition of bicarbonate did not aggravate Fe chlorosis, as leaf chlorophyll increased significantly. Root FC-R activity and ACA gene expression was not enhanced under Fe deficiency induced by bicarbonate (Fe40 + BicNa) which suggest a positive effect of bicarbonate in the metabolism of this crop. Nevertheless, small Fe concentrations (Fe1) induced a higher ACA gene expression thus indicating some stress response signalling.