Occurrence patterns of Black-backed Woodpeckers in green forest of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, USA
Black-backed Woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus) are a rare habitat specialist typically found in moderate and high severity burned forest throughout its range. It also inhabits green forest but little is known about occurrence and habitat use patterns outside of burned areas, especially in the Sierra N...
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Published in | Avian conservation and ecology Vol. 9; no. 2; p. 1 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Resilience Alliance
2014
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Black-backed Woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus) are a rare habitat specialist typically found in moderate and high severity burned forest throughout its range. It also inhabits green forest but little is known about occurrence and habitat use patterns outside of burned areas, especially in the Sierra Nevada of California, USA. We used point count and playback surveys to detect Black-backed Woodpeckers during 2011 - 2013 on 460 transects on 10 national forest units. We defined green forest as areas that had not burned at moderate or high severity since 1991 and were more than 2 km from areas burned at moderate or high severity within the previous eight years (n = 386 transects). We used occupancy models to examine green forest habitat associations and found positive relationships with elevation, latitude, northern aspects, number of snags, tree diameter, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forest, and a negative relationship with slope. Estimated occupancy in green forest was higher than previously understood (0.21). In addition site colonization and extinction probability in green forest were low (0.05 and 0.19, respectively) and suggest that many of the individuals detected in green forest were not just actively dispersing across the landscape in search of burned areas, but were occupying relatively stable home ranges. The association with high elevation and lodgepole pine forest may increase their exposure to climate change as these elevation forest types are predicted to decrease in extent over the next century. Although density is high in burned forest, green forest covers significantly more area in the Sierra Nevada and should be considered in efforts to conserve this rare species.Original Abstract: Le Pic a dos noir (Picoides arcticus) est un specialiste rare qui frequente les forets moderement a fortement brulees dans l'ensemble de son aire de repartition. Il s'observe egalement dans les forets vertes, mais les tendances dans l'occurrence et l'utilisation de l'habitat a l'exterieur des secteurs brules, tout particulierement dans la Sierra Nevada, aux Etats-Unis, sont tres peu connues. Nous avons effectue des denombrements par points d'ecoute et a l'aide d'enregistrements sonores pour detecter le Pic a dos noir le long de 460 transects situes dans 10 unites de forets nationales, en 2011-2013. Selon notre definition, une foret verte n'a pas brule de moderement a severement depuis 1991 et est localisee a plus de 2 km de secteurs qui ont brule de moderement a severement au cours des huit annees precedentes (n = 386 transects). Nous avons utilise des modeles de presence pour examiner les associations avec les forets vertes et avons trouve une relation positive avec l'altitude, la latitude, l'orientation vers le nord, le nombre de chicots, le diametre des arbres et les forets de Pin tordu (Pinus contorta), ainsi qu'une relation negative avec la pente. L'occurrence estimee dans les forets vertes etait plus elevee que ce qu'on croyait auparavant (0,21). De plus, les probabilites de colonisation et de disparition dans les forets vertes etaient faibles (0,05 et 0,19, respectivement), et semblent indiquer que bon nombre des individus detectes dans les forets vertes n'etaient pas simplement en train chercher des secteurs brules dans le paysage, mais occupaient plutot des domaines vitaux stables. Cette association avec les secteurs en haute altitude et les forets de Pin tordu pourrait augmenter la vulnerabilite de l'espece aux changements climatiques, etant donne que, selon les predictions, l'etendue de ce type de forets en altitude se contractera au cours du prochain siecle. Bien que la densite du Pic a dolos noir soit elevee dans les forets brulees, les forets vertes occupent une superficie beaucoup plus grande dans la Sierra Nevada et, de ce fait, devraient recevoir une attention particuliere dans les efforts de conservation voues a cette espece rare. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 1712-6568 1712-6568 |
DOI: | 10.5751/ACE-00671-090203 |