Research progress into adipose tissue macrophages and insulin resistance

• Published in: Physiological research Vol. 72; no. 3; pp. 287 - 299
• Main Authors: Fu, M, Yang, L, Wang, H, Chen, Y, Chen, X, Hu, Q, Sun, H
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Czech Republic Institute of Physiology 14.07.2023
• Subjects: Adipocytes; Adipose tissue; Adipose Tissue - metabolism; Body fat; Bone marrow; Cytokines; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism; Genotype & phenotype; Homeostasis; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation - metabolism; Insulin resistance; Insulin Resistance - physiology; Ligands; Macrophages; Macrophages - metabolism; Metabolic syndrome; Pathogens; Phenotypes; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
• ISSN: 0862-8408; 1802-9973
• DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935046

In recent years, there has been an increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular events related to insulin resistance. As one of the target organs for insulin, adipose tissue is essential for maintaining in vivo immune homeostasis and metabolic regulation. Currently, the specific adipose tissue mechanisms involved in insulin resistance remain incompletely understood. There is increasing evidence that the process of insulin resistance is mostly accompanied by a dramatic increase in the number and phenotypic changes of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). In this review, we discuss the origins and functions of ATMs, some regulatory factors of ATM phenotypes, and the mechanisms through which ATMs mediate insulin resistance. We explore how ATM phenotypes contribute to insulin resistance in adipose tissue. We expect that modulation of ATM phenotypes will provide a novel strategy for the treatment of diseases associated with insulin resistance.